The Arab League is a union of Arabic-speaking African and Asian countries that promotes the interests of its member countries and observers. 

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Table of Contents
What Is the Arab League?
Understanding the Arab League The Arab League Council
Arab League Member Conflicts
Arab League and Arab Spring
Recent Developments
Arab League FAQs The Arab League, officially the League of Arab States, is a union of Arabic-speaking African and Asian countries. The 22 members of the Arab League as of 2021 are Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Table of Contents
What Is the Arab League?
Understanding the Arab League

Arab League

A digital gold currency is an electronic form of money that is backed by gold reserves held in vaults by private agencies.

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A digital gold currency (DGC) is an electronic form of money which is backed by gold reserves held in vaults by private agencies. A digital gold currency (DGC) is an electronic form of money which is backed by gold reserves held in vaults by private agencies. A digital gold currency (DGC) is an electronic form of money which is backed by gold reserves held in vaults by private agencies. Because a digital gold currency (DGC) is electronic money, offered and maintained by private entities, there is risk involved. The holders of any particular DGC can pay one another in gold, or currency units representative of gold held in physical form by the issuing company.

Digital Gold Currency (DGC)

A double gold exchange-traded fund (ETF) is designed to respond to twice the daily rise and fall of the price of gold.

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Investor Bulletin: Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

Publication 550 (2020), Investment Income and Expenses

A double gold exchange-traded fund (ETF) tracks the value of gold and responds to movements in the same manner as other similar double-leveraged ETFs. A double gold exchange-traded fund (ETF) tracks the value of gold and responds to movements in the same manner as other similar double-leveraged ETFs. A double gold exchange-traded fund (ETF) tracks the value of gold and responds to movements in the same manner as other similar double-leveraged ETFs. With a double gold ETF, the spot value of gold, or a basket of gold companies, acts as the underlying for the fund. Novice investors may want to consider the regulatory warnings and steer clear of these investment vehicles due to their ability to produce substantial losses over time if not monitored carefully.
​​​​​​​Double gold ETFs are by no means a unique fund product.

Double Gold ETF

The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 purchased virtually all privately-held gold and restored the U.S. dollar's peg to gold at a higher level.

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Gold Held in the Treasury and Federal Reserve Banks for United States

The term Gold Reserve Act of 1934 refers to a law that took away the title of all gold and gold certificates held by private individuals and institutions and transferred ti to the United States Treasury. The term Gold Reserve Act of 1934 refers to a law that took away the title of all gold and gold certificates held by private individuals and institutions and transferred ti to the United States Treasury. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 was passed under President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the height of the Great Depression to stabilize the money supply in the U.S.
Gold reserves were transferred from the Federal Reserve bank to the U.S. Treasury at a discount. In March and April of 1933, Roosevelt declared a national bank holiday to stem a run on the banks and passed the Emergency Banking Act of 1933 that allowed the recapitalization of banks by the Federal Reserve Bank.﻿﻿﻿﻿ Congress also passed the Banking Act of 1933 in June, also known as the Glass-Steagall Act, which created deposit insurance and other policies to stabilize banking. The price of gold was fixed until 1971, when then-President Richard Nixon created a fiat currency system by ending the convertibility of U.S. dollars into gold.

Gold Reserve Act of 1934

The Gold/Silver Ratio is a measurement that represents the number of ounces of silver required to purchase one ounce of gold.

Gold to Silver Ratio - 100 Year Historical Chart

The gold/silver ratio measures the number of ounces of silver required to purchase one ounce of gold. To illustrate the gold/silver ratio, consider a scenario in which gold is trading at $1,500 per ounce and silver is trading at $15 per ounce. The gold/silver ratio measures the number of ounces of silver required to purchase one ounce of gold. Because gold and silver prices change based on the law of supply and demand, the gold/silver ratio has fluctuated over time. The gold/silver ratio would be 100, because it would take 100 ounces of silver to purchase 1 ounce of gold.

Gold/Silver Ratio Defined

A gold fund is a type of investment fund that commonly holds physical gold bullion, gold futures contracts, or gold mining companies.

A gold fund is a type of investment fund that holds assets related to gold. Investors interested in hedging against inflation generally opt for gold funds that hold gold bullion or futures, whereas investors who are particularly bullish on gold tend to also incorporate gold mining companies. The two most common types of gold funds are those holding physical gold bullion, gold futures contracts, or gold mining companies. After all, the cost of equipment, personnel, and other fixed costs borne by mining companies remains fairly static regardless of the price of gold, which means that if the price of gold does rise significantly, this could have a substantial positive effect on gold mining companies' profit margins. In either case, gold funds offer investors a convenient way to gain exposure to gold without incurring the relatively high storage and insurance costs associated with directly owning physical gold bullion.

Gold Fund Defined

A “gold bug” is somebody who is especially bullish on gold.

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Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product.

In economics, the term “gold bug” is a colloquial expression used to refer to people that are particularly bullish on gold. While there are several arguments used by gold bugs, they often center on the perceived threats posed to fiat currencies that makes gold attractive.
Gold bugs argue that because gold is priced in relation to fiat currencies, gold will therefore appreciate in value if fiat currencies lose their value. The basic perspective shared by most gold bugs is that the price of gold will rise if the value of fiat currencies such as the U.S. dollar (USD) falls. Although people differ in their reasons for being a gold bug, they commonly share a perception that the purchasing power of fiat currencies will decline due to factors such as inflation, expansionary monetary policy, and the rising national debt. In some cases, the term gold bug can be used in a pejorative sense, referring to an investor who is unreasonably confident that gold will increase in value.

Gold Bug Defined

Gold certificate, issued as U.S. currency equivalents until 1934, is a document that proves ownership of a specific amount of gold.

A gold certificate, issued as U.S. currency equivalents until 1934, proves ownership of a specific amount of gold. When the U.S. dollar was tied to the gold standard, gold certificates were worth their face value in U.S. dollars and could be used as legal tender. The U.S. issued gold certificates that were identical in face value to their dollar denominations from 1879 until 1934 when the country abandoned the gold standard. A gold certificate proves ownership of a quantity of gold just like a stock certificate proves ownership of a share in a company. Gold certificates represent ownership of a quantity of gold, similar to the way that stock certificates represent an ownership share in a company.

Gold Certificate

The London Gold Fix was replaced in 2015 by The London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) Gold Price. 

The London Gold Fix was a method to fix the price of gold per troy ounce in US dollars. Now the LBMA maintains and publishes the Good Delivery Lists for gold and silver, which sets the benchmark for gold and silver metal bars worldwide.
LBMA was established in 1987 by the Bank of England, which at that time was the bullion market's regulator.﻿﻿ The main role of the London Gold Fix was to fix the price of gold by the five biggest bullion bankers, traders and refiners in the precious metal in the early 1900s. The London Gold Fix was a method to fix the price of gold by the five biggest bullion traders and bankers in the precious metal. In 1750 the BoE set up the London Good Delivery List for gold, which formally recognized those refineries that produced gold bars to the required standard.

Gold Fix

The gold standard is a system in which a country's government allows its currency to be freely converted into fixed amounts of gold.

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Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States

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The gold standard is a fixed monetary regime under which the government's currency is fixed and may be freely converted into gold. It can also refer to a freely competitive monetary system in which gold or bank receipts for gold act as the principal medium of exchange; or to a standard of international trade, wherein some or all countries fix their exchange rate based on the relative gold parity values between individual currencies. A country that uses the gold standard sets a fixed price for gold and buys and sells gold at that price. The gold standard is a monetary system where a country's currency or paper money has a value directly linked to gold. As its name suggests, the term gold standard refers to a monetary system in which the value of currency is based on gold.

Gold Standard

Krugerrands are South African gold coins that were minted in 1967 and remain popular among gold investors today.

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Table of Contents
Expand Krugerrands are gold coins that were minted by the Republic of South Africa in 1967 to help promote South African gold to the international markets and to make it possible for individuals to own gold. The Krugerrand is made of 22 karats, or 91.67%, gold, with 8.33% copper alloy.
![South African Krugerrand Gold Pieces](data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,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)
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When Krugerrands were minted in 1967, the United States did not permit its citizens to own gold bullion, but it did permit ownership of foreign coins, so the Krugerrand could be bought and sold in the U.S. Krugerrands remain popular among gold investors today, despite South Africa's slumping gold production. By 1980, at the peak of the gold market, the Krugerrand overwhelmingly dominated other gold investments, accounting for 90% of the world’s gold-coin market.

Krugerrands

A short gold ETF is an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that seeks to profit from a decline in the price of gold.

Gold prices during and after the Great Recession

A short gold ETF is an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that seeks to profit from a decline in the price of gold. Short gold ETFs are also known as inverse gold ETFs, or gold bear ETFs. In some cases, short gold ETFs will offer additional leverage to investors, such that a given decline in the price of gold would translate to an even greater increase in the value of the ETF—and vice versa. Others might link the short gold ETF to gold mining stocks or to a specific subset of gold futures contracts. A short gold ETF is an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that seeks to profit from a decline in the price of gold.

Short Gold ETF Defined

A store of value is a commodity, asset, or money that retains its value, or purchasing power, and does not depreciate.

A store of value is an asset, commodity, or currency that maintains its value without depreciating. While the relative value of such stores of value will fluctuate over time, they can be counted on to retain some value in almost any scenario. A store of value is essentially an asset, commodity, or currency that can be saved, retrieved, and exchanged in the future without deteriorating in value. A store of value is an asset, commodity, or currency that maintains its value without depreciating. Many economies throughout history have used gold, silver, and other precious metals as currencies because of their ability to store value, their relative ease of transport, and the ease of exchanging them for different denominations.

Store Of Value

The World Gold Council is a nonprofit association of gold producers, established to promote the use of gold. 

A market development organization for the gold industry, the World Gold Council includes 33 members and many members are gold mining companies. Much of the world's gold was mined in the modern, postwar era and gold-mining operations take place on every continent except Antarctica. sponsors research in the development of new uses of gold, or of new products containing gold. For example, successful projects supported by the gold industry have led to the development of jewelry containing 99% gold.

Gold

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