A 100% equities strategy is a strategy commonly adopted by pooled funds, such as a mutual fund, that allocates all investable cash solely to stocks.

Master Limited Partnerships—An Introduction

A 100% equities strategy is a strategy commonly adopted by pooled funds, such as a mutual fund, that allocates all investable cash solely to stocks. In the 100% equity strategy category, an investor will find a wide range of sub-classes to choose from, including those that focus on one (or a combination of) labels like capital appreciation, aggressive growth, growth, value, and income. Only equity securities are considered for investment, whether they be listed stocks, over-the-counter stocks, or private equity shares. With 100% equity strategies, a portfolio's style can be further subdivided into capital appreciation, aggressive growth, growth, value, capitalization, and income, among others. Such a strategy is common among mutual funds that allocate all investable cash solely to stocks, forgoing higher-risk instruments such as derivatives or riskier strategies such as short selling.

100% Equities Strategy

The 130-30 strategy is a strategy that uses financial leverage by shorting poor-performing stocks and purchasing alternate shares that are expected to have high returns.

The 130-30 strategy, often called a long/short equity strategy, refers to an investing methodology used by institutional investors. This investing strategy makes use of shorting stocks and putting the cash from shorting those shares to work buying and holding the best-ranked stocks for a designated period. It uses financial leverage by shorting poor-performing stocks and, with the cash received by shorting those stocks, purchasing shares that are expected to have high returns. From the best ranking stocks, the manager would invest 100% of the portfolio's value and short sell the bottom ranking stocks, up to 30% of the portfolio's value. Short selling is much riskier than investing in long positions in securities; thus, in a 130-30 investment strategy, a manager will put more emphasis on long positions than short positions.

130-30 Strategy

The 52-week range shows the lowest and highest price at which a stock has traded at in the previous 52 weeks.

The 52-week range is a data point traditionally reported by printed financial news media, but more modernly included in data feeds from financial information sources online. The information from the high and low data points may indicate the potential future range of the stock and how volatile its price is, but only the trend and relative strength studies can help a trader or analyst understand the context of those two data points. To calculate where a stock is currently trading at in relations to its 52-week high and low, consider the following example:
Suppose over the last year that a stock has traded as high as $100, as low as $50 and is currently trading at $70. Technical analysts compare a stock's current trading price and its recent trend to its 52-week range to get a broad sense of how the stock is performing relative to the past 12 months. Two examples of the 52-week range in the following chart show how useful it might be to compare the high and low prices with the larger picture of the price data over the past year.

52-Week Range

The 52-week high/low is the highest and lowest price at which a security, such as a stock, has traded during the time period that equates to one year.

Volume and Price Patterns Around a Stock's 52-Week Highs and Lows: Theory and Evidence

The 52-week high/low is the highest and lowest price at which a security, such as a stock, has traded during the time period that equates to one year. An investor may show increased interest in a particular stock as its price nears either the high or the low end of its 52-week price range (the range that exists between the 52-week low and the 52-week high).
The 52-week high/low is based on the daily closing price for the security. For example, stock traders may buy a stock when the price exceeds its 52-week high, or sell when the price falls below its 52-week low. Similarly, when a stock makes a new 52-week low intra-day but fails to register a new closing 52-week low, it may be a sign of a bottom. The same applies when a stock makes a new 52-week low during a trading session but fails to close at a new 52-week low.

52-Week High/Low

The ABA Bank Index provides investors exposure to community banks and banking institutions through an index created to represent small banks.

ABA Statement on Christopher Waller's Confirmation to Join Federal Reserve Board of Governors

ABA NASDAQ Community Bank Index Methodology

Publication 5318: Tax Reform - What's New for Your Business

The ABA Bank Index is a stock index comprised of community and regional banks. Other ABA indices include the NASDAQ OMX ABA Community Bank Index and the ABA NASDAQ Community Bank Total Return Index. The others are the NASDAQ OMX ABA Community Bank Index (ABQI) and the ABA NASDAQ Community Bank Total Return Index (XABQ). The ABA Bank Index, short for the ABA NASDAQ Community Bank Index, is co The ABA Bank Index is a stock market index that tracks publicly traded community and regional banks.

ABA Bank Index

Abandonment is the act of surrendering a claim to, or interest in, a particular asset, or allowing an options contract to expire unexercised.

Table of Contents
Expand Inaction—that is, failure to do something with the property or non-use of it—is not enough to demonstrate that the owner has relinquished rights to the property, even if such non-use has perpetuated for years. If the owner abandons an insured asset or piece of property, the insurance company may rightfully claim the item for salvage. An abandonment clause may be part of an insurance contract allowing the owner to abandon damaged property while still receiving a full settlement. Because abandonment and salvage can be lucrative for the salvager, multiple parties may try laying claim to an abandoned asset or property.

Abandonment

The Absolute Breadth Index (ABI) is a market indicator used to determine volatility levels in the market without factoring in price direction.

The Absolute Breadth Index (ABI) is a market indicator used to determine volatility levels in the market without factoring in price direction. According to creator Norman Fosback, high ABI values lead to higher stock prices three to 12 months later while low ABI values lead to lower stock prices
Created by Norman Fosback, the Absolute Breadth Index (ABI) is classified as a breadth indicator because the advancing/declining values are the only values used to create it. According to Fosback, high ABI values lead to higher stock prices three to 12 months later while low ABI values lead to lower stock prices. The Absolute Breadth Index (ABI) is a market indicator used to determine the volatility levels in the market without taking into consideration price movements. The Absolute Breadth Index (ABI) is a market indicator used to determine volatility levels in the market without factoring in price direction.

Absolute Breadth Index (ABI)

"Above the market" refers to an order to buy or sell at a price higher than the current market price.

"Above the market" refers to an order to buy or sell at a price higher than the current market price. **Stop Order to Buy:** A trader that is waiting for a security to break through a key resistance level may place a stop order to buy at a price higher than the current market price and above the resistance level. The most common above the market order types include limit orders to sell, stop orders to buy, or stop-limit orders to buy. Common above the market order types include limit orders to sell, stop orders to buy, and stop-limit orders to buy. The opposite of above the market orders are below the market orders, which are placed when a trader or investor wishes to purchase a security at a lower price or they want to sell below the current market price.

Above the Market

The Automated Bond System (ABS) was an early electronic bond-trading platform used by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) from 1977-2007.

At its launch, the NYSE noted that “trading in corporate bonds has traditionally been a tedious, time consuming and mostly manual operation that involved nine different steps and hour-long searches through cabinet files for possible matches on bonds, prices, quantities.” In April 2007, the NYSE launched a new online platform for trading U.S. corporate debt securities, called NYSE Bond. The Automated Bond System (ABS) was an early electronic bond-trading platform the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) used from 1977 to 2007. Volume on the system peaked in 1992, but the system was ultimately phased and replaced by the NYSE Bond platform out as newer technologies entered the bond markets.

Automated Bond System (ABS)

The absolute return index is used to compare the absolute returns posted by the hedge fund market, as a whole, against individual hedge funds.

Absolute Return Index Law and Legal Definition

The term absolute return index refers to a stock index designed to measure absolute returns on investments in hedge funds. Hedge funds are considered alternative investments that use pooled funds to earn returns for their investors.﻿﻿ The index was created to compare the performance of an individual hedge fund against the hedge fund market as a whole. With an. absolute return index, investors can easily discern the success or failings of a particular investment as it stacks up against the market as a whole and can do so without having to sift through the intricate details of each transaction.﻿﻿ The absolute return index is only useful when dealing with the hedge fund market. Hedge fund investors can use the hedge fund absolute return index to measure the returns of their investments. The term absolute return index refers to a stock index designed to measure absolute returns on investments in hedge funds.

Absolute Return Index

The absolute rate, also known as the absolute swap yield, is the sum of the fixed and variable components of an interest rate swap.

The absolute rate, also known as the absolute swap yield, is the total yield earned by both parties to an interest rate swap. At the time that the interest rate swap is initiated, the two series of cash flows—one which is based on a fixed interest rate, and the other which is based on a variable interest rate—will be structured so that the two series have the same net present value (NPV). The swap spread refers to the difference between the interest rate on the fixed portion of an interest rate swap, as compared to the interest rate given by a sovereign debt security that has a similar maturity period. In these contracts, one party agrees to exchange a series of cash flows based on a fixed interest rate, in exchange for a series of cash flows based on a variable interest rate, such as the Fed Funds rate. For example, if a 1-year sovereign bond is yielding 2.00% and the fixed portion of an interest rate swap is set at 3.00%, then the swap spread on that interest rate swap would be 1.00%.

Absolute Rate Defined

Abu Dhabi Investment Council (ADIC) is sovereign wealth fund funded by the oil industry and owned by Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) capital. 

Abu Dhabi Investment Council (ADIC) is a sovereign wealth fund owned by the government of Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In March 2018, the UAE’s President issued a law merging ADIC into Mubadala Investment Company, another UAE sovereign wealth fund, in an effort to reduce costs, streamline operations and further diversify the UAE’s economy after an extended period of low oil prices. Abu Dhabi Investment Council (ADIC) is a sovereign wealth fund owned by the government of Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). 1:10
The Abu Dhabi Investment Council sought to invest the government’s surplus oil revenues in a globally diverse portfolio of actively managed strategies to generate positive risk-adjusted investment returns. Mubadala Investment Company was founded in 2002 as part of Abu Dhabi’s endeavor to broaden its economy and create jobs by investing oil industry proceeds into profitable companies.

Abu Dhabi Investment Council (ADIC)

Accepting risk occurs when a business acknowledges that the potential loss from a risk is not great enough to warrant spending money to avoid it.

Accepting risk, or risk acceptance, occurs when a business or individual acknowledges that the potential loss from a risk is not great enough to warrant spending money to avoid it. Accepting risk, or risk acceptance, occurs when a business or individual acknowledges that the potential loss from a risk is not great enough to warrant spending money to avoid it. Accepting risk, or risk retention, is a conscious strategy of acknowledging the possibility for small or infrequent risks without taking steps to hedge, insure, or avoid those risks. In addition to accepting risk, there are a few ways to approach and treat risk in risk management. In addition, any potential losses from a risk not covered by insurance or over the insured amount is an example of accepting risk.

Accepting Risk

Accommodation trading occurs when a trader enters into a non-competitive purchase or sale order to accommodate another trader. 

Accommodation trading is a type of trading in which one trader accommodates another by entering into a non-competitive purchase or sale order. For Bob, the risk may be that when he goes to by the stock back from Jill that it has fallen in price below $25, but he is obligated to pay the higher price to Jill, and he won't be able to claim the actual capital loss he experienced. For example, a cabinet trade is a type of accommodation trade in which the option holders can erase an open position from their ledger for the price of 1 cent per share, or $1 per contract. In essence, the trade allows Bob to cheat the tax system because he never actually lost any real value on the stock; he manufactured the trade with the intent of paying less tax. Bob uses this technique to realize a capital loss of $15 per share on his taxes, and he uses it to lower the taxes paid on capital gains on his other investments.

Accommodation Trading

An accordion feature is an option a company can obtain, giving it the right to increase a line of credit with a creditor.

An accordion feature is an option that a company can buy that gives it the right to increase its line of credit (or similar type of liability) with a lender. An accordion feature in a line of credit allows a business to increase that line of credit if necessary, often to obtain more working capital or emergency cash. Loan terms with an accordion feature are well suited for situations where a business shows great potential for accelerated growth, while at the same time there are indications of risks from uncertainty due to factors for which the business has no control. An accordion feature is an option that a company can buy that gives it the right to increase its line of credit (or similar type of liability) with a lender. A lender is able to somewhat mitigate the risk of the noted uncertainty by increasing a line of credit incrementally, with each increment made contingent on the future realization by the business of specific predetermined expectations, and an increased certainty of the aforementioned uncontrollable factors.

Accordion Feature

An accreting principal swap is an over-the-counter derivative contract that features an increasing notional principal amount over time.

An accreting principal swap is a derivative contract in which two counterparties agree to exchange cash flows—usually a fixed rate for a variable rate, as with most other types of interest rate or cross-currency swap contracts. An accreting principal swap is a derivative contract in which two counterparties agree to exchange cash flows—usually a fixed rate for a variable rate, as with most other types of interest rate or cross-currency swap contracts. The product may also be called an accreting swap, accumulation swap, construction loan swap, drawdown swap, and step-up swap. An accreting principal swap is the same as a vanilla swap, except that notional amount of the swap grows over time. Parties in a vanilla swap might exchange the payments of a fixed-rate investment, such as a Treasury bond, for the payments of variable rate investment, such as a mortgage, where the rate goes up and down.

Accreting Principal Swap

Accretion of discount is the increase in the value of a discounted instrument as time passes and the maturity date looms closer.

Accretion of discount is the increase in the value of a discounted instrument as time passes and the maturity date looms closer. A bond purchased at a discount will slowly increase in value until it reaches par value at maturity; this process is the accretion of discount. Between issuance and maturity, the value of the bond will increase until it reaches its full par value of $1,000, which is the amount that will be paid to the bondholder at maturity. As the bond gets closer to maturity, the value of the bond declines until it is at par on the maturity date. As the bond approaches its redemption date, it will increase in value until it converges with the par value at maturity.

Accretion of Discount

An accrual swap is an interest rate swap allowing banks, corporations, and investors to offset risk and profit from changes in future interest rates.

An accrual swap is a type of interest rate swap in which the interest on one side accrues only if certain conditions are met. Types of accrual swaps include callable range accrual swaps, floating rate accrual swaps, and binary accrual swaps. Private parties interested in using interest rate swaps will often use the plain vanilla swap, which is the most basic type of swap where an investor will exchange a fixed interest rate for a floating interest rate, or vice versa. An accrual swap is sometimes described as a combination of an interest rate swap and a pair of binary options that set a floor and a cap, as no interest accrues if the reference rate is above the cap or below the floor. Most accrual swaps use one-month, two-month, six-month, or 12-month LIBOR for the reference rate, although accrual swaps can be done using other rates, such as the 10-year treasury rate.

Accrual Swap

Accumulating shares is a classification of common stock that is given to shareholders of a company in lieu of or in addition to a dividend. 

Accumulating shares is a classification of common stock that is given to shareholders of a company in lieu of, or in addition to, a dividend. The board of a public company, for example, can approve a 5% stock dividend, which gives existing investors an additional share of company stock for every 20 shares they already own. Therefore, in this example, even though an investor who owns 100 shares in a company may receive 5 additional shares, the total market value of those shares remains the same. Employee bonuses paid in stock are sometimes preferred as they defer tax liability to the time of sale.
Stock dividends are also a form of accumulating shares that give shareholders the same tax-deferred benefit. Generally speaking, because equity prices tend to rise over time, the common money wisdom is to accept accumulating shares instead of cash dividends if you have a long time horizon and you don't depend on dividend income for daily living expenses.

Accumulating Shares

The accumulation area is a stock market charting zone analyzed by investors that can indicate a good time to buy.

U.S. Census Bureau History: 1929 Stock Market Crash

The accumulation area on a price and volume chart is characterized by mostly sideways stock price movement, which is seen by investors or technical analysts as indicative of large institutional investors buying, or accumulating, a large number of shares over time. The accumulation area on a price and volume chart is characterized by mostly sideways stock price movement, which is seen by investors or technical analysts as indicative of large institutional investors buying, or accumulating, a large number of shares over time. When a stock price doesn't fall below a certain price level, and moves in a sideways range for an extended period, this can be an indication to investors that the stock is being accumulated by investors and as a result, will be moving up soon. Traders look to identify ranges of price and volume movement; a prolonged sideways chart range with no large ups or downs indicates the stock is in the accumulation area and may be about to move up. A rising A/D line helps confirm a rising price trend, while a falling A/D line helps confirm a price downtrend.

Accumulation Area

The accumulation/distribution indicator (A/D) uses volume and price to assess the strength of a stock’s price trend and spot potential reversals.

The accumulation/distribution indicator (A/D) is a cumulative indicator that uses volume and price to assess whether a stock is being accumulated or distributed. MFM \= ( Close − Low ) − ( High − Close ) High − Low where: MFM \= Money Flow Multiplier Close \= Closing price Low \= Low price for the period High \= High price for the period \\begin{aligned}&\\text{MFM} = \\frac {(\\text{Close} - \\text{Low} ) - ( \\text{High} - \\text{Close} ) } {\\text{High} - \\text{Low} } \\\\&\\textbf{where:}\\\\&\\text{MFM} = \\text{Money Flow Multiplier} \\\\&\\text{Close} = \\text{Closing price} \\\\&\\text{Low} = \\text{Low price for the period} \\\\&\\text{High} = \\text{High price for the period} \\\\ \\end{aligned} ​MFM\=High−Low(Close−Low)−(High−Close)​where:MFM\=Money Flow MultiplierClose\=Closing priceLow\=Low price for the periodHigh\=High price for the period​
Money Flow Volume \= MFM × Period Volume \\begin{aligned}&\\text{Money Flow Volume} = \\text{MFM} \\times \\text{Period Volume} \\\\ \\end{aligned} ​Money Flow Volume\=MFM×Period Volume​
A/D \= Previous A/D \+ CMFV where: CMFV \= Current period money flow volume \\begin{aligned}&\\text{A/D} = \\text{Previous A/D} + \\text{CMFV}\\\\&\\textbf{where:}\\\\&\\text{CMFV} = \\text{Current period money flow volume} \\\\ \\end{aligned} ​A/D\=Previous A/D+CMFVwhere:CMFV\=Current period money flow volume​
How to Calculate the A/D Line
1.  Start by calculating the multiplier. In general, a rising A/D line helps confirm a rising price trend, while a falling A/D line helps confirm a price downtrend. Alternatively, if the price finishes near the high of the range but volume is low, or if the volume is high but the price finishes more toward the middle of the range, then the A/D will not move up as much. The A/D indicator does not factor in price changes from one period to the next, and focuses only on where the price closes within the current period’s range.

Accumulation/Distribution Indicator (A/D)

Active stocks are heavily traded stocks on an exchange with lower bid-ask spreads and higher liquidity.

8 Things to Consider when using Most Active Stocks Lists

Tech Stocks Lead Rebound After Jobless Claims Drop

Table of Contents
What Are Active Stocks?
Understanding Active Stocks
Determining an Active Stock
What to Consider When Using a List
Most Active Stocks
Active Stocks FAQs Active stock lists show investors stocks with the highest trade volume, the biggest gainers and losers, stocks with the highest daily volume, and the most active stocks by index. These stocks generally fall into one of four categories:
Stocks with the highest number of shares traded
Biggest gainers and losers by percentage, regardless of price or volume
Highest daily volume, calculated by multiplying the stock's value by the total number of shares traded that day
Most active by index, such as the S&P 500
It's important to remember that these lists are meant as a guide. While active stocks are usually indicated by volume, the term can also sometimes apply to sizable price movement, and most outlets will distinguish the difference between an active stock based on volume and an active stock based on price. Active stocks are heavily traded stocks on an exchange or stocks that display a sizeable price movement within a single day.

Active Stocks

Active trading is the buying and selling of securities or other instruments with the intention of only holding the position for a short period of time.

Active trading refers to buying and selling securities for quick profit based on short-term movements in price. Day traders, scalpers, and swing traders are all considered active traders, with scalpers and day traders being more active than swing traders. Day traders that make tens or hundreds of trades per day would be very actively trading, while a swing trader that is opening or closing positions every few days may be considered by many to be an active trader as well. Active traders typically use a high volume of trades to make profits, since the price swings likely to occur over the short term tend to be relatively small. Similarly, they could place a limit sell order to exit the position at $31.
Such orders allow the active trader to buy and sell without having to watch the price every second of the day.

Active Trading

Active index funds track an index fund with an additional layer of active manager to yield greater returns than the underlying index.

An active index fund is a basket of assets in which the fund manager constructs the initial investment with holdings from a benchmark index and then adds securities unrelated to the underlying index or removes existing index components with the goal of driving portfolio performance higher. An active index fund is a basket of assets in which the fund manager constructs the initial investment with holdings from a benchmark index and then adds securities unrelated to the underlying index or removes existing index components with the goal of driving portfolio performance higher. A tilt fund is a type of mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that includes a core holding of stocks that mimic a benchmark\-type index, to which additional securities are added to help tilt the fund toward outperforming the market. An active index fund attempts to take a version of an index fund like the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) and periodically rebalance all the stocks to match the proportions found in the actual S&P 500. Although an active index fund holds many of the same securities of a traditional index fund, they tend to come at a premium.

Active Index Fund

Active investing refers to an investment strategy that involves ongoing buying and selling activity by the investor.

Active investing refers to an investment strategy that involves ongoing buying and selling activity by the investor. Smart beta exchange-traded funds are a cost-effective way for investors to take advantage of active investing by considering alternative factors as opposed to simply tracking a benchmark index, such as selecting a portfolio based on company earnings or some other fundamental approach. Active investing allows money managers to meet the specific needs of their clients, such as providing diversification, retirement income or a targeted investment return. Unlike passive investors, who invest in a stock when they believe in its potential for long-term appreciation, active investors typically look at the price movements of their stocks many times a day. Active investing allows money managers to adjust investors’ portfolios to align with prevailing market conditions.

Benefits and Limitations of Active Investing

An activist investor is an individual or group that invests in a company and/or obtains seats on the board to effect a major change in the company. 

Carl Icahn Issues Open Letter to Tim Cook

Unaudited Condensed Interim Financial Statements June 30, 2020

Financial Statements Period Ended June 30, 2020

Letter to Mr. William F. Ruprecht, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Sotheby's

An activist investor is an individual or group that buys a significant stake in a public company in order to influence how the company is run, such as by obtaining seats on its board of directors. His targets have included RJR Nabisco, Texaco, Western Union, Viacom, Revlon, Time Warner, Yahoo!, Motorola, Apple and eBay, just to name a few.﻿﻿ In 2015, he pushed Apple CEO Tim Cook to use the company's cash pile to increase the size of its share buyback program.
In 1987, Icahn formed Dan Loeb is the founder of Third Point LLC, which is the investment manager for Third Point Offshore Master Fund, a London-listed closed-end fund with $8.6 billion in assets.﻿﻿ In 2012, Loeb took a position in Yahoo! and eventually gained a seat on its board of directors. In the past, Pershing has taken positions in Target Corporation and Wendy's International.﻿﻿ ﻿﻿ Ackman's more well-known moves include a disastrous short position in Herbalife, losing to Carl Icahn, who took the opposite side of the trade. In 2003, Ackman sold Icahn his stake in Hallwood Realty, and argued he was owed additional sums when Icahn later merged Hallwood with another real estate company.

Activist Investor

Actuals are the physical commodity that underlies a futures contract or is traded in the physical market. 

A contract for actuals in the physical market is unlikely to change hands and it often contains more conditions as to the grade and quality of the actuals compared to a futures market contract. In the futures market, two parties enter into an exchange-traded contract in which one party agrees to deliver a set quantity and quality of the underlying commodity; the other party agrees to purchase the commodity. Manufacturers, refineries, processors, and other users of the raw materials and commodities traded on the futures market typically enter into contracts with the intention of taking delivery of the actuals to ensure they have sufficient stocks on hand to keep operating. These buyers who are also end-users of the actuals may use the cash settlement version of the contract purely to hedge contracts they have in the non-exchange-traded physical market.

Actuals

The adaptive price zone (APZ) is a technical indicator that helps investors identify possible market turning points to determine when to buy or sell stock.

Adaptive price zone (APZ) is a volatility-based technical indicator that helps investors identify possible market turning points, which can be especially useful in a sideways-moving market. The adaptive price zone (APZ) indicator attempts to signal significant price movements by using a set of bands based on short-term, double-smoothed exponential moving averages that lag only slightly behind price changes. The simplest method for using the APZ is for an investor to sell when a price surpasses the upper APZ band and buy when a price goes below the lower APZ band in anticipation of reversals. Adaptive price zone (APZ) is a volatility-based technical indicator that helps investors identify possible market turning points, which can be especially useful in a sideways-moving market. The crossover points between the price line and the APZ bands help investors determine good trading opportunities in unpredictable, choppy markets.

Adaptive Price Zone (APZ)

An adjustable peg is an exchange rate policy where a currency is pegged or fixed to a currency, such as the U.S. dollar or euro, but can be readjusted. 

The End of the Bretton Woods System (1972–81)

China's Currency Policy: An Analysis of the Economic Issues: Background on China's Currency Policy

An adjustable peg is an exchange rate policy in which a currency is pegged or fixed to a major currency such as the U.S. dollar or euro, but which can be readjusted to account for changing market conditions or macroeconomic trends. The adjustable peg is a hybrid system seeks to take advantage of the benefits from both a fixed peg and freely floating currency.
An adjustable peg can float on the market according to economic conditions, but typically has only a 2% percent degree of flexibility against a specified base level or peg. An adjustable peg is an exchange rate policy in which a currency is pegged or fixed to a major currency such as the U.S. dollar or euro, but which can be readjusted to account for changing market conditions or macroeconomic trends. An adjustable peg describes a currency regime where a country allows its currency's value to float on the market, but only within a narrow band before the central bank intervenes to restore the peg. A crawling peg is a system of exchange rate adjustments in which a currency with a fixed exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate within a narrow band of rates.

Adjustable Peg

An adjusted debit balance shows what a market participant would owe their brokerage in the case of a margin call.

An adjusted debit balance is the amount in a margin account that is owed to the brokerage firm, minus profits on short sales and balances in a special miscellaneous account (SMA). An adjusted debit balance is the amount in a margin account that is owed to the brokerage firm, minus profits on short sales and balances in a special miscellaneous account (SMA).
Under Regulation T, one can borrow up to 50% of the purchase price of securities on margin.
Debit balances can be contrasted with credit balances, which are funds owed to a customer's margin account by their broker.
A debit balance, in general, is what a customer owes their broker in a margin account—an account that lets investors borrow funds to purchase securities, provided they have cash or securities in it to pledge as collateral and pay the lender a periodic interest rate.
The use of trading margin (leverage) in an investment account for the purpose of buying securities amplifies the gains or losses associated with those trades. The adjusted debit balance informs investors how much they owe in the event of a margin call—a demand for additional cash or securities to bring a margin account up to the minimum maintenance margin. An adjusted debit balance is the amount in a margin account that is owed to the brokerage firm, minus profits on short sales and balances in a special miscellaneous account (SMA). To help curtail significant losses experienced by brokerage firms and investors due to unregulated margin trading, Regulation T (REG T) guidelines and the 50% rule was established, stipulating that an investor can borrow up to 50% of the purchase price of a security on margin.

Adjusted Debit Balance

The adjusted exercise price is an option contract's adjusted strike price including corporate actions like stock splits and special dividends.

The adjusted exercise price is an option contract's strike price after adjustments have been made for corporate actions such as stock splits or special dividends made to its underlying security. Normally, adjusted exercise prices will exist until an affected options series expires, while new strike prices are simultaneously added post-hoc.
Options contract terms must be adjusted if the underlying stock undergoes a reorganization that directly affects the original terms of its options. The adjusted exercise price is an option contract's strike price after adjustments have been made for corporate actions such as stock splits or special dividends made to its underlying security. An adjusted exercise price accommodates technical changes in an option contract's underlying contract such as a special dividend or stock split. The adjusted strike price allows for trading continuity for holders of an options contract before the corporate action takes place that changes the underlying's price or attributes.

Adjusted Exercise Price

The advance block is a three-candle bearish reversal pattern appearing on candlestick charts.

Advance block is the name given to a candlestick trading pattern. The advance block candlestick pattern has the following four characteristics:
1.  The price action has displayed an upward trend or a significant bounce within a downtrend.
2.  Three white candles appear that have progressively shorter real bodies.
3.  The open of the second and third candles lie within the real body of the previous candles respectively.
4.  The upper shadows of the three candles gradually become taller—especially the shadow of the last candle.
This pattern is considered to forecast a price reversal in the next several periods immediately following the pattern. The pattern is a three-candle bearish setup that is considered to be a reversal pattern—a suggestion that price action is about to change from what had been an upward trend to a downward trend in relatively short time frames. The bearish reversal is confirmed when the first subsequent price bar trades through the midpoint of the first candle’s real body.
The advance block pattern was relatively rare in the years before algorithmic trading but has since grown more common, reflecting a greater frequency of intraday counter swings. This chart pattern best forecasts a reversal pattern during temporary upward moves and pullbacks within larger-scale downtrends and when candles have long real bodies.

Advance Block

The Advance/Decline Index is a market breadth indicator representing the difference between the number of advancing and declining securities within an index. It is used to determine overall market weakness or strength.

The advance/decline index is a market breadth indicator that represents the cumulative difference between the number of advancing and declining stocks within a given index. Advance/Decline Index \= (Advances − Declines) \+ PIV where: Advances \= Total number of stocks in the index that closed above their prior closing prices Declines \= Total number of stocks in the index that closed below their prior closing prices \\begin{aligned} &\\text{Advance/Decline Index} = \\text{(Advances}-\\text{Declines)} + \\text{PIV}\\\\ &\\textbf{where:}\\\\ &\\text{Advances} = \\text{Total number of stocks in the index that}\\\\ &\\text{closed above their prior closing prices}\\\\ &\\text{Declines} = \\text{Total number of stocks in the index that}\\\\ &\\text{closed below their prior closing prices}\\\\ &\\text{PIV}=\\text{Prior index value} \\end{aligned} ​Advance/Decline Index\=(Advances−Declines)+PIVwhere:Advances\=Total number of stocks in the index thatclosed above their prior closing pricesDeclines\=Total number of stocks in the index thatclosed below their prior closing prices​
1. It is used to help confirm the current stock index trend, or can forewarn of stock index reversals when the A/D index diverges with the stock index direction. If the stock index is rising, but there are more declining issues than advancing issues—A/D index is falling—it's usually a sign that the stock index is losing its breadth and may be getting reading to move lower. When the A/D index is rising while the stock index is falling, this is called bullish divergence and could be a sign that the stock index will start to head higher soon.

Advance/Decline Index  and Uses

The Advance/Decline Line (A/D) is a technical indicator that shows the number of advancing stock less the number of declining stocks. It is a breadth indicator used to show market sentiment.

The advance/decline line (A/D) is a technical indicator that plots the difference between the number of advancing and declining stocks on a daily basis. Net Advances \= Difference between number of daily ascending and declining stocks PA \= Previous Advances Previous Advances \= Prior indicator reading \\begin{aligned} &\\text{A/D} = \\text{Net Advances} + \\begin{cases} \\text{PA, if PA value exists} \\\\ \\text{0, if no PA value} \\\\ \\end{cases} \\\\ &\\textbf{where:} \\\\ &\\text{Net Advances} = \\text{Difference between number of daily} \\\\ &\\text{ascending and declining stocks} \\\\ &\\text{PA} = \\text{Previous Advances} \\\\ &\\text{Previous Advances} = \\text{Prior indicator reading} \\\\ \\end{aligned} ​A/D\=Net Advances+{PA, if PA value exists0, if no PA value​where:Net Advances\=Difference between number of dailyascending and declining stocksPA\=Previous AdvancesPrevious Advances\=Prior indicator reading​
1.  Subtract the number of stocks that finished lower on the day from the number of stocks that finished higher on the day. If major indexes are declining and the A/D line is rising, fewer stocks are declining over time, which means the index may be near the end of its decline. The advance/decline line (A/D) is a technical indicator that plots the difference between the number of advancing and declining stocks on a daily basis. If major indexes are rallying and the A/D line is falling, it shows that fewer stocks are participating in the rally which means the index could be nearing the end of its rally.

Advance/Decline Line - A/D  and Uses

Advances and declines refer to the proportion of stocks that closed up versus down relative to the prior day's prices.

Advances and declines refers generally to the number of stocks (or other assets in a particular market) that closed at a higher and those that closed at a lower price than the previous day, respectively. Technical analysts look at advances and declines to analyze stock market behavior, discern volatility, and predict whether a price trend is likely to continue or reverse. The advance-decline ratio, or ADR, compares the number of stocks that closed higher against the number of that closed lower during a particular period (and can be used across many timeframes).
**Advance-decline index**: The advance-decline Index, or ADI, is a market breadth indicator that represents the total difference between advancing and declining securities within an index. Sometimes, the current index level is represented as a horizontal line on a price chart known as the advance-decline line.
**Absolute breadth index**: The absolute breadth Index, or ABI, is a technical indicator that's based on the differences between advances and declines on an index. Advances and declines refers generally to the number of stocks (or other assets in a particular market) that closed at a higher and those that closed at a lower price than the previous day, respectively. Technical analysts look at advances and declines to analyze stock market behavior, discern volatility, and predict whether a price trend is likely to continue or reverse. Advances and declines form the basis of many different technical indicators, including the advance-decline ratio, the advance-decline index, and the absolute breadth index. For example, a low advance-decline ratio can indicate an oversold market, while a high advance-decline ratio can signal an overbought market.

Advances And Declines

The average directional index (ADX) helps traders see the trend direction as well as the strength of that trend. 

The average directional index (ADX) is a technical analysis indicator used by some traders to determine the strength of a trend. +DI \= ( Smoothed +DM ATR  ) × 100 \-DI \= ( Smoothed -DM ATR  ) × 100 DX \= ( ∣ +DI − \-DI ∣ ∣ +DI \+ \-DI ∣ ) × 100 ADX \= ( Prior ADX × 13 ) \+ Current ADX 14 where: +DM (Directional Movement) \= Current High − PH PH \= Previous High \-DM \= Previous Low − Current Low Smoothed +/-DM \= ∑ t \= 1 14 DM − ( ∑ t \= 1 14 DM 14 ) \+ CDM CDM \= Current DM ATR \= Average True Range \\begin{aligned} &\\text{+DI} = \\left ( \\frac{ \\text{Smoothed +DM} }{ \\text{ATR } } \\right ) \\times 100 \\\\ &\\text{-DI} = \\left ( \\frac{ \\text{Smoothed -DM} }{ \\text{ATR } } \\right ) \\times 100 \\\\ &\\text{DX} = \\left ( \\frac{ \\mid \\text{+DI} - \\text{-DI} \\mid }{ \\mid \\text{+DI} + \\text{-DI} \\mid } \\right ) \\times 100 \\\\ &\\text{ADX} = \\frac{ ( \\text{Prior ADX} \\times 13 ) + \\text{Current ADX} }{ 14 } \\\\ &\\textbf{where:}\\\\ &\\text{+DM (Directional Movement)} = \\text{Current High} - \\text{PH} \\\\ &\\text{PH} = \\text{Previous High} \\\\ &\\text{-DM} = \\text{Previous Low} - \\text{Current Low} \\\\ &\\text{Smoothed +/-DM} = \\textstyle{ \\sum\_{t=1}^{14} \\text{DM} - \\left ( \\frac{ \\sum\_{t=1}^{14} \\text{DM} }{ 14 } \\right ) + \\text{CDM} } \\\\ &\\text{CDM} = \\text{Current DM} \\\\ &\\text{ATR} = \\text{Average True Range} \\\\ \\end{aligned} After that, ADX = ((prior ADX \13) + current DX) / 14.
The ADX, negative directional indicator (-DI), and positive directional indicator (+DI) are momentum indicators. 3.  \-DM = previous low - current low.
4.  Use +DM when current high - previous high > previous low - current low. The ADX identifies a strong trend when the ADX is over 25 and a weak trend when the ADX is below 20.

Average Directional Index (ADX)

The currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham is the AED. The United Arab Emirates dirham is made up of 100 fuloos and its symbol is Dhs or DH. 

Clampdown on Commercial Use of UAE Emblem

United Arab Emirates Current Account Balance

Vulnerability, Resilience, and Reform: The GCC and the Oil Price Crisis 2014-2016

The AED is the currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham, the official currency of Dubai and other Emirates. _The UAE Dirham is the currency of the United Arab Emirates._
_It is sub-divided into 100 fils._
_It is pegged to the U.S. dollar and is among the world's most stable currencies._ The AED is the currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham, the official currency of Dubai and other Emirates. The United Arab Emirates Dirham has been used since 1973, when it replaced several currencies, such as the Dubai riyal and the Qatar riyal. The United Arab Emirates had a gross domestic product of about $421 billion in 2019, making it the 30th largest in the world and second among

AED (United Arab Emirates Dirham)

The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Prior to 2002, it was known as the AFA.

Afghans Face Economic Ruin as Prices Rise and Cash Runs Low

The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. For its part, the AFN has depreciated heavily against the USD since 2012, depreciating from just under 50 AFN per USD to around 80 AFN per USD from 2019 through 2021. Although today the AFN enjoys relatively low rates of inflation, Afghanistan has experienced severe bouts of inflation in the past. The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of Afghanistan.

Afghan Afghani (AFN)

After-hours trading refers to the buying and selling of stocks after the close of the U.S. stock exchanges at 4 p.m. U.S. Eastern Time.

NVIDIA Announces Financial Results for Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2019

After-hours trading starts at 4 p.m. U.S. Eastern Time after the major U.S. stock exchanges close. This means that it is quite possible for a stock to fall sharply in the after-hours only to rise once the regular trading session resumes the next day at 9:30 a.m., should many big institutional investors have a different view of the price action during the after-hours trading session. Since after-hours trading can have a significant impact on a stock's price, it's not a bad idea to put a limit order on any shares you intend to buy or sell outside of regular trading periods. From 9:30 a.m. 9:35 a.m., nearly 2.3 million shares traded, more than three times greater than the volume in the initial minutes of the previous day's after-hours, and the price dropped from $164 to $161.
The stock proceeded to trade lower throughout the rest of the day, closing at $157.20. By 5 p.m., the amount of volume trading slowed to only 100,000 shares, while the stock was still trading around $165.

After-Hours Trading

An aftermarket report is an analysis of the post-IPO performance of a new stock or a report on the market for replacement parts for common durable goods.

An aftermarket report refers primarily to a summary of the performance of a newly-issued stock in the period immediately following the stock’s initial public offering (IPO). An aftermarket report analyzes a newly issued stock's price performance during its initial period on the secondary market, or the days and weeks immediately following its initial public offering. A more robust aftermarket report might expand upon the stock’s early financial performance to evaluate the firm’s businesses as well as financial results from the earliest period of the company’s time on the secondary market. An aftermarket report refers primarily to a summary of the performance of a newly-issued stock in the period immediately following the stock’s initial public offering (IPO). By looking at the after-market performance of all IPOs over a certain period (as in a calendar year), analysts and investment bankers can estimate the overall market demand for new issues and may move up or delay a scheduled IPO as a result.

Aftermarket Report

Against actual is an exchange between commodities traders of a cash position in a certain commodity for a futures contract for the same commodity.

The term “against actual” refers to a type of transaction regularly carried out in the commodities futures markets. In an against actual transaction, the holder of a commodities futures contract that is coming close to its delivery date will exchange that contract with another market participant who had previously sold a futures contract for that same commodity. Speculator A bought oil futures because she believed oil prices would rise, whereas Speculator B sold oil futures because he believed prices would fall. The two parties to an against actual transaction will agree to settle their respective contracts in cash, based on a price differential calculated from the current market value of the two futures contracts. Since the price of oil fell, Speculator A would pay an extra premium to Speculator B to reflect the fact that Speculator B’s futures contract was more valuable.

Against Actual

An agency security is a low-risk debt obligation that is issued by a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) or other federally related entity.

An agency security is a low-risk debt obligation that is issued by a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) or other federally related entity. A Government-Sponsored Enterprise (GSE) bond is an agency bond issued by such agencies as Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage (Freddie Mac), Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation, and the Federal Home Loan Bank. Tax Status of GSEs and Government Agencies
Common Name
Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation
Fully taxable
Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation
Farm Credit
State and local exempt
Federal Home Loan Banks
FHL Banks Federal government agency bonds are issued by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Small Business Administration (SBA), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA). Tennessee Valley Authority, Federal Home Loan Banks, and Federal Farm Credit Banks agency bonds are exempt from local and state taxes.

Agency Security

Agflation is inflation linked to increasing agricultural prices to manufacture food and alternative fuels, which can outpace rising prices of other goods.

Share of consumer expenditure spent on food vs. GDP per capita

12-Month Percentage Change, Consumer Price Index, Selected Categories, November 2020, Not Seasonally Adjusted

Agflation describes the phenomenon when food prices rise more rapidly than the prices of other goods and services, due to the growing demand for crops as both food and for use in biofuels.
The word is a portmanteau of the words "agriculture" and "inflation."
Agflation occurs when food prices increase at a greater rate than the prices of other goods and services in an economy.
When agflation is high, a greater amount of household income is required for food and agricultural products.
While general inflation rates are commonly used to analyze the strength of global economies, the importance of agriculture makes agflation an essential aspect of measuring price trends.
Agflation occurs because demand increasingly outpaces supply, raising the price to "inflated" levels. Even when food crops are not used to manufacture alternative fuels, their prices may be subject to inflation because of the tendency of consumers to change their food buying habits. Although economists evaluate overall inflation by measuring prices using reports such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the impact of inflation differs in various global markets based on specific commodities. For example, if corn is in high demand to manufacture alternative fuels such as corn ethanol, food companies may switch to other less expensive feed grains, such as rice or wheat, to try to reduce costs for consumers. But food-related demand that shifts to other crops does not necessarily lower overall food prices.

Agflation

An aggregate exercise price is the value traded of the underlying asset if the holder exercises its options contract.

An aggregate exercise price is the total value of some underlying asset if one were to exercise all of their existing long options contracts on that asset. For a bond option, the aggregate exercise price is the bond face value, times the number of contracts, times the exercise (strike) price. For an equity option, the aggregate exercise price is the contract size, times the number of contracts, times the exercise (strike) price. Therefore, a call option on a 5-bond lot with a strike price of 90, the aggregate exercise price would be:
1 face value \* 5 bonds per contract \* (90% of $1000)
1 \* 5 \* 900 = $4,500 An aggregate exercise price is the total value of some underlying asset if one were to exercise all of their existing long options contracts on that asset.

Aggregate Exercise Price

Aggressors are traders who remove liquidity from markets by entering orders that are immediately executed because they match the best bid or offer.

Aggressors are traders that take liquidity out of the markets. For example, if the bid-ask spread for a specific crude oil contract is ten contracts at $60.01 bid/15 contracts at $60.11 ask, an aggressor would immediately buy 15 contracts at the best asking price of $60.11 or instantly sell ten contracts at the best bid of $60.01. This immediate action means aggressors sell at lower and lower prices and buy at higher and higher prices, thereby pushing other traders out and taking liquidity out of the market. By taking immediate action at the current bid or asking price, aggressors continue to sell at lower and lower costs or buy at higher and higher prices. Aggressors are traders who remove liquidity from the markets by entering buy and sell orders at current at-market prices.

Aggressor

Agribusiness is the business sector encompassing farming and farming-related commercial activities. 

Agribusiness is the business sector encompassing farming and farming-related commercial activities. Key areas of concern for the use of drone technology remain the safety of drone operations, privacy issues, and insurance\-coverage questions.
Because agribusiness is a broad industry, it incorporates a wide range of different companies and operations. Some examples of agribusinesses include farm machinery producers such as Deere & Company, seed and agrichemical manufacturers such as Monsanto, food processing companies such as Archer Daniels Midland Company, as well as farmer's cooperatives, agritourism companies, and makers of biofuels, animal feeds, and other related products. Climate change has placed intensifying pressure on many companies in the agribusiness industry to remain relevant, and profitable, while adapting to the threats posed by large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Climate change has placed intensifying pressure on many companies in the agribusiness industry to successfully adapt to the large-scale shifts in weather patterns.

Agribusiness

An airbag swap features an adjustable notional value, providing hedging opportunities as interest rates change. 

An airbag swap is a type of interest rate swap whose notional value adjusts in response to fluctuations in interest rates. An airbag swap is a type of interest rate swap whose notional value adjusts in response to fluctuations in interest rates. The increase in notional value would generate gains for the company since the swap's net payment at higher interest rates would be higher than its net amount at lower interest rates. A company with a high sensitivity to rising interest rates due to increased redemptions in the bond market might seek to recoup some of its losses via an airbag swap designed to raise the notional value of the swap as rates increase. In any case, a rise in the theoretical, or notional, value of the swap leads to higher interest payments, and a fall in the notional amount would reduce the number of interest payments.

Airbag Swap

A stock that suffers a short-term price slide as a result of bad news is called an air pocket stock by traders.

A stock that experiences a sudden plunge in price, much like an airplane when hitting an air pocket, is described by stock traders as an air pocket stock. A stock that experiences a sudden plunge in price, much like an airplane when hitting an air pocket, is described by stock traders as an air pocket stock. Whether the term refers to an individual stock or the broader market, an air pocket can be a buying opportunity for the savvy investor who is looking to increase their holdings at a discount price. A single stock, a sector, or the stock market as a whole can hit an air pocket. An air pocket in the stock market is a period of temporary turbulence caused by bad news.

Air Pocket Stock

Algorithms are sets of rules for solving problems or accomplishing tasks.

Cracks in the Pipeline Part Two: High Frequency Trading

Global Algorithmic Trading Market to Surpass US$ 21,685.53 Million by 2026

Table of Contents
What Is an Algorithm?
Understanding Algorithm
Types of Algorithmic Trading
Algorithm Trading Example
Algorithms in Computer Science Also referred to as automated trading or black-box trading, algo trading uses computer programs to buy or sell securities at a pace not possible for humans. Algorithmic trading, also known as automated trading or black-box trading, uses a computer program to buy or sell securities at a pace not possible for humans. In computer science, a programmer must employ five basic parts of an algorithm to create a successful program:
1.  describe the problem in mathematical terms
2.  create the formulas and processes that create results
3.  input the outcome parameters
4.  execute the program repeatedly to test its accuracy
5.  conclusion of the algorithm is the result given after the parameters go through the set of instructions in the program.
For financial algorithms, the more complex the program, the more data the software can use to make accurate assessments to buy or sell securities. For example, algorithmic trading, known as algo trading, is used for deciding the timing, pricing, and quantity of stock orders.

Algorithm

Algorithmic trading is a system that utilizes very advanced mathematical models for making transaction decisions in the financial markets. 

Release No. 34-59593; File No. NYSEALTR-2009-28

High-Frequency Trading: Reaching the Limits

The Cost of Algorithmic Trading: A First Look at Comparative Performance

Judgement Day: Algorithmic Trading Around the Swiss Franc Cap Removal

Algorithmic trading is a process for executing orders utilizing automated and pre-programmed trading instructions to account for variables such as price, timing and volume. According to research, algorithmic trading is especially beneficial for large order sizes that may comprise as much as 10% of overall trading volume.﻿﻿ Typically market makers use algorithmic trades to create liquidity. Author Michael Lewis brought high-frequency, algorithmic trading to the public’s attention when he published the best-selling book _Flash Boys_, which documented the lives of Wall Street traders and entrepreneurs who helped build the companies that came to define the structure of electronic trading in America. Algorithmic trading is a process for executing orders utilizing automated and pre-programmed trading instructions to account for variables such as price, timing and volume. Algorithmic trading can be used in a wide variety of situations including order execution, arbitrage, and trend trading strategies.

Algorithmic Trading

ALL is the national currency for the Republic of Albania, the Albanian lek.

The Albanian _lek_ (ALL) is the national currency of the Republic of Albania. During the Soviet occupation between 1946 and 1965, the lek was pegged to the Soviet ruble at 12.5 lekë to 1 ruble until 1961 and 1.25 lek to 1 ruble between 1961 and 1965 after the ruble was redenominated. The Albanian lek (ALL) used in the Republic of Albania was first issued for circulation by the National Bank of Albania in 1926. The Albanian _lek_ (ALL) is the national currency of the Republic of Albania. The Albanian _lek_ (ALL) is the official currency of Albania, which has been in use since 1926.

ALL (Albanian Lek)

An all-ordinaries stock index is comprised of common shares from the Australian Stock Exchange. It is the most quoted benchmark for Australian equities.

1360.0 -- Measuring Australia's Economy, 2003

The All-Ordinaries ( or "Kangaroos" for slang) is a stock index comprised of common shares from the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). To be included in the All-Ordinaries index, a company must have a market value of at least 0.2 percent of all domestic equities quoted on the ASX and must maintain an average turnover on the ASX of at least 0.5 percent of its quoted shares per month. When established, the All Ords had a base index of 500; this means that if the index is currently at 5000 points, the value of stocks in the All Ords has increased tenfold since January, 1980. The market capitalization of the companies included in the All Ords index amounts to over 95 percent of the value of all shares listed on the ASX. This means that share price movements for companies with larger capitalizations have a larger effect on the All Ordinaries Index than do smaller companies.

All-Ordinaries Stock Index

An alligator spread is an investment position that is rendered unprofitable because of the onerous fees and transaction costs associated with it.

An alligator spread is a trading position that is destined to be unprofitable from the start because of the onerous fees and transaction costs associated with it. In that scenario, the investor faces a relatively narrow window within which to profit on the position; if the various fees associated with that position are too costly, it may be impossible for them to realize a profit on an after-fees basis, even if the security moves in a favorable direction. Although this call option allows him to profit if XYZ's share price increases, Charlie wants to position himself so that he profits on increased volatility regardless of whether the price moves up or down. If the price moves up to $30, he can exercise his call option and net a profit of $5 per share (buying for the exercise price of $25, and then selling for the market price of $30). An alligator spread is a trading position that is destined to be unprofitable from the start because of the onerous fees and transaction costs associated with it.

Alligator Spread Defined

Allowances are deviations from the basis grade or location allowable when delivering commodities under the terms of a futures contract. 

London Cocoa Futures and Euro Cocoa Futures

London Cocoa Futures and Euro Cocoa Futures: Allowances & Discounts

Allowances are a deviation from the basis grade or location allowable when delivering commodities under the terms of a futures contract. They are the permissible deviations in product quality and delivery location to the contract stipulations that are permitted before violating the terms of the futures contract. When entering into futures contracts, the buyer and seller agree ahead of time on important terms such as the quantity of commodity being purchased, the price paid by the buyer, and the date and location for delivery. The formula used is based on a standard deviation calculation whereby the average number of beans per 100g for the whole delivery unit is measured and then compared against the overall variability of bean sizes within the delivery unit. For instance, a commodity such as coffee beans might use statistical methods to estimate the number of beans delivered, whereas a futures contract for gold might rely on the counting and testing of individual gold bars.

Allowances

Alpha (α) , used in finance as a measure of performance, is the excess return of an investment relative to the return of a benchmark index. 

WisdomTree U.S. Quality Dividend Growth Fund

Alpha (α) is a term used in investing to describe an investment strategy's ability to beat the market, or its "edge." Alpha is thus also often referred to as “excess return” or “abnormal rate of return,” which refers to the idea that markets are efficient, and so there is no way to systematically earn returns that exceed the broad market as a whole. Experts attribute this trend to many causes, including:
The growing expertise of financial advisors
Advancements in financial technology and software that advisors have at their disposal
Increasing opportunity for would-be investors to engage in the market due to the growth of the Internet
A shrinking proportion of investors taking on risk in their portfolios, and
The growing amount of money being invested in pursuit of alpha
While alpha has been called the “holy grail” of investing, and as such, receives a lot of attention from investors and advisors alike Alpha is often used in conjunction with beta (the Greek letter β), which measures the broad market's overall volatility or risk, known as systematic market risk.
Alpha is used in finance as a measure of performance, indicating when a strategy, trader, or portfolio manager has managed to beat the market return over some period. However, since the aggregate bond index is not the proper benchmark for ICVT (it should be the Bloomberg Barclay's Convertible index), this alpha may not be as large as initially thought; and in fact, may be misattributed since convertible bonds have far riskier profiles than plain vanilla bonds.
The WisdomTree U.S. Quality Dividend Growth Fund (DGRW) is an equity investment with higher market risk that seeks to invest in dividend growth equities. Due in part to a growing lack of faith in traditional financial advising brought about by this trend, more and more investors are switching to low-cost, passive online advisors (often called roboadvisors​) who exclusively or almost exclusively invest clients’ capital into index-tracking funds, the rationale being that if they cannot beat the market they may as well join it.
Moreover, because most “traditional” financial advisors charge a fee, when one manages a portfolio and nets an alpha of zero, it actually represents a slight net loss for the investor.

Alpha

The Alternative Investment Market (AIM) is the London Stock Exchange's global market for smaller and growing companies.

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The Alternative Investment Market (AIM) is a sub-market of the London Stock Exchange (LSE) that is designed to help smaller companies access capital from the public market. Since then, it has helped more than 3,865 companies to raise over £115 billion ($163 billion) and, according to the LSE, is now home to approximately 850 companies with a combined market cap of £104 billion ($147 billion).
The FTSE Group maintains three real-time indexes for tracking AIM: the FTSE AIM UK 50 Index, the FTSE AIM 100 Index, and the FTSE AIM All-Share Index.
Companies seeking to do an initial public offering (IPO) and list on AIM are usually small companies that have exhausted their access to private capital but are not at the level required to undergo an IPO and list on a large exchange. The Alternative Investment Market (AIM) is a sub-market of the London Stock Exchange (LSE) that is designed to help smaller companies access capital from the public market. The companies listed on AIM tend to be smaller and more highly speculative in nature, in part due to AIM's relaxed regulations and listing requirements. AIM allows these companies to raise capital by listing on a public exchange with much greater regulatory flexibility compared to the main LSE stock market.

Trading

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