"Bagel land" is a slang term that refers to a stock or other security that is approaching $0 in price.

Paragon Offshore Plc (PGNPQ) - Historical Prices

2011 Brief: Brent crude oil averages over $100 per barrel in 2011

Paragon Offshore Finds Itself Back in Bankruptcy Court

Information about Paragon Offshore plc’s Completed Financial Restructuring

"Bagel land" is a slang term that refers to a stock or other type of security that is approaching zero ($0.00) in price. This is because a stock that is approaching a $0.00 price may have dropped below a certain price threshold that makes it eligible for trading on an exchange. A bagel land stock is typically not available for purchase through regular channels and may begin trading elsewhere such as on over-the-counter (OTC) venues. A bagel land stock is typically not available for purchase through regular channels and may begin trading elsewhere. Its stock price, which had been cratering, headed into bagel land soon afterward.

Bagel Land

A bear raid is an illegal practice of colluding to push a stock's price lower through concerted short selling and spreading false rumors about the target.

How George Soros Broke The British Pound And Why Hedge Funds Probably Can't Crack The Euro

Pound Dollar Exchange Rate (GBP USD)—Historical Chart

A bear raid is an illegal practice of colluding to push a stock's price lower through concerted short selling, while spreading negative rumors about the shorted company. The key difference between an illegal bear raid and short sellers expressing their concern about a company is whether the short sellers have colluded and are spreading false information. Since the short interest in the stock increases the risk of a short squeeze that can inflict substantial losses on the shorts, the short sellers cannot afford to wait patiently for months until their short strategy works out. A bear raid is an illegal practice of colluding to push a stock's price lower through concerted short selling, while spreading negative rumors about the shorted company. In a typical bear raid, short sellers may conspire beforehand to quietly establish large short positions in the target stock.

Bear Raid

The business and market news ticker produced by Dow Jones is still known as the broad tape although it's now an electronic streamer.

Dow Diary: Sending News Over the Broad Tape

The stream of financial and business news produced by Dow Jones & Co. is still known as the broad tape, although it now arrives in electronic form. By 1897, Dow Jones was producing separate flimsies for financial news, on broad tape, and stock market quotes, on narrower tape. The stream of financial and business news produced by Dow Jones & Co. is still known as the broad tape, although it now arrives in electronic form. Today’s broad tape is displayed on screens and provides a continuous stream of financial and business news for active investors and brokers. Veterans at _The Wall Street Journal_ remember these machines, which resembled small upright coffins and made a constant clacking noise as the paper tape spewed out the latest news_._

Broad Tape

Class B shares are a share class of common stock of a corporation, but often with fewer or limited voting rights compared to Class A shares.

Class B shares are a classification of common stock that may be accompanied by more or fewer voting rights than Class A shares. Sometimes, a company will offer a second class of shares that have a lower share price in order to attract individual investors as opposed to institutional shareholders—for instance, with Berkshire Hathaway's Class A shares (BRK.A) trading at around $330,000 (as of September 2020) and its Class B shares (BRK.B) at a more palatable $220 per share. Although the absence of a load means the entire purchase price of the shares is invested into the mutual fund, rather than having a percentage subtracted upfront, Class B shares have higher 12B-1 and annual management fees than Class A shares. Class B shares are issued by corporations as a class of common stock with fewer voting rights and lower dividend priority than Class A shares. Class B shares are a classification of common stock that may be accompanied by more or fewer voting rights than Class A shares.

Class B Shares

The cooling-off rule refers to either the quiet period before the release of a new security or the window after a sale where the buyer can cancel.

Buyer’s Remorse: The FTC’s Cooling-Off Rule May Help

Executive Branch Service and the 'Revolving Door' in Cabinet Departments: Background and Issues for Congress

The phrase "cooling-off rule" is actually applied to three specific yet unrelated situations in the business world. The period between issuing prospectus and selling new stock or bond offerings is a cooling-off period where communication between underwriter and issuing company must be minimized or silenced altogether. In consumer-facing businesses, the cooling-off rule more commonly refers to a consumer protection law regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that allows a buyer to release themselves from a purchase agreement within a set number of days of a purchase. A third usage refers to a period of time when government employees (specifically SEC or FINRA employees) who join the private sector should be prohibited from engaging in lobbying activities with the agency where they were formerly employed. The restriction is not officially known as the cooling-off rule; it is known as the SEC's Regulation M (not to be confused with a different Regulation M issued by the IRS).

Cooling-Off Rule

A desk trader is a financial professional who buys and sells stocks, bonds, and other investments for clients of a bank or brokerage firm.

A desk trader is a financial industry professional who buys and sells assets such as stocks or bonds on behalf of clients. Unlike a noise trader, a sentiment trader will use some fundamental analysis to aid in decision-making.
**Arbitrage Trader**
An arbitrage trader simultaneously buys and sells assets in two or more markets in order to profit from the momentary differences in their prices.
This type of trading has become increasingly difficult, as technological advances have made it more difficult to find and exploit these ephemeral price differences. If you have ever telephoned a brokerage firm to order to buy shares of stock, you probably talked to a desk trader who took the order and sent it to the market. A desk trader is a financial industry professional who buys and sells assets such as stocks or bonds on behalf of clients. Desk traders are professionals employed in the investment industry, but traders, in general, may be individual investors.

Desk Trader

Distributing syndicate is a group of investment banks that work together to sell an initial public offering of stock or other securities to the market.

Distributing syndicate is a group of investment banks that work together to sell an initial public offering (IPO) of stock or other securities to the market. When a company begins working with a lead underwriter to prepare securities for the market, whether stocks, bonds or other types of securities, the underwriter considers how many other investment banks would be needed to market and distribute the securities in the intended timeframe. Banding together as part of a syndicate allows boutique banks to work on several offerings simultaneously, take on larger offerings and more effectively compete with large investment banks. Investment banks often form syndicates when working on large securities offerings to reduce risk and to increase the speed and efficiency of selling the securities to investors. Distributing syndicate is a group of investment banks that work together to sell an initial public offering (IPO) of stock or other securities to the market.

Distributing Syndicate

A dummy CUSIP number is a temporary placeholder used internally by a company to identify a security until its official CUSIP number is assigned.

A dummy CUSIP number is a temporary, nine-character placeholder used internally by a company to identify a security until its official CUSIP number is assigned. A dummy CUSIP number is a temporary, nine-character placeholder used internally by a company to identify a security until its official CUSIP number is assigned. A dummy CUSIP number is a temporary, nine-character placeholder used internally by a company to identify a security until its official CUSIP number is assigned. A dummy CUSIP number is a temporary nine-character alphanumeric code that acts as a seat saver before the official CUSIP number is assigned. A dummy CUSIP is supplied by the CUSIP Global Services (CGS), which is managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by S&P Global Market Intelligence.

Dummy CUSIP Number

Greenmail is the practice of buying enough shares to threaten a hostile takeover so that the target company will repurchase its shares at a premium.

Greenmail is the practice of buying enough shares in a company to threaten a hostile takeover so that the target company will instead repurchase its shares at a premium. In mergers and acquisitions, it is an anti-takeover measure in which the target company pays a premium, known as greenmail, to purchase its own shares back at inflated prices from a corporate raider. Greenmail is the practice of buying enough shares in a company to threaten a hostile takeover so that the target company will instead repurchase its shares at a premium. An anti-greenmail rule will remove the possibility that a board takes the expedient way out and pays off an unwelcome acquirer of the company's shares, leaving shareholders worse off. An anti-greenmail provision is a special clause in a firm's corporate charter that prevents the board of directors from approving greenmail payments.

Greenmail

The Hamptons Effect refers to a dip in trading before Labor Day weekend followed by increased trading volume as traders return from the long weekend. 

The Hamptons Effect refers to a dip in trading that occurs just before the Labor Day weekend that is followed by increased trading volume as traders and investors return from the long weekend. The Hamptons Effect and other similar anomalies that can be construed from data are interesting findings, but their value as an investment strategy is not significant for the average investor.
The statistical case for the Hamptons Effect is stronger for some sectors compared to others. The Hamptons Effect refers to a dip in trading that occurs just before the Labor Day weekend that is followed by increased trading volume as traders and investors return from the long weekend. The Hamptons Effect refers to a dip in trading that occurs just before the Labor Day weekend that is followed by increased trading volume as traders and investors return from the long weekend. The increased trading volume of the Hamptons Effect can be positive if it takes the form of a rally as portfolio managers place trades to firm up overall returns toward the end of the year.

Hamptons Effect

An inflation trade is an investing scheme or trading method that seeks to profit from rising price levels influenced by inflation.

An inflation trade is an investing strategy or trading method that seeks to profit from rising price levels influenced by inflation or expectations of coming inflation. An inflation trade is an investing strategy or trading method that seeks to profit from rising price levels influenced by inflation or expectations of coming inflation. An inflation trade is an investing strategy or trading method that seeks to profit from rising price levels influenced by inflation or expectations of coming inflation. Overall, inflation trade rotation in a portfolio will help investors outpace inflation while also increasing their potential upside. Inflation trades can refer to the shifting of portfolio assets, or it may also refer to speculative trades involving assets highly susceptible to price inflation, such as the dollar, gold, or silver.

Inflation Trade

J is a temporary designation appearing as the fifth letter for Nasdaq-listed stocks, specifying that the stock has voting rights.

The term J refers to a designation for Nasdaq\-listed stocks that specifies that the stock has voting rights. Voting stock, which carries voting rights, allows a shareholder to vote during a shareholder vote situation. The designation appears as the fifth letter following a dot after a stock's four-letter ticker symbol. J is a fifth-letter designation used to denote a shareholder vote situation for Nasdaq-listed securities. The Nasdaq uses a variety of letters, which are called fifth-letter designations, to distinguish stock issuances and the rights that come along with them.

A limit order information system is an electronic system used by specialists in the stock market.

A limit order information system is an electronic system (LOIS) used by specialists in the stock market. A limit order is a take-profit order placed with a bank or brokerage to buy or sell a set amount of a financial instrument at a specified price or better; because a limit order is not a market order, it may not be executed if the price set by the investor cannot be met during the period of time in which the order is left open. A limit order is an order to buy or sell a stock at a specific price and includes information such as order quantities, bid price, offer price, and the exchange on which the security is listed. Depending on the direction of the position, a limit order is sometimes referred to as a buy limit order or a sell limit order. For example, a buy limit order that stipulates the buyer is not willing to pay more than $30 per share, while a sell limit order may require the share price to be at least $30 for the sale to take place.

Limit Order Information System (LOIS)

The National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO) is the best bid and offer price for a security aggregated from among all exchanges in the country.

Latency Arbitrage, Market Fragmentation, and Efficiency: A Two-Market Model

The National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO) is a quote that reports the highest bid price and lowest ask (offered) price in a security, sourced from among all available exchanges or trading venues. The NBBO is calculated and disseminated by Security Information Processors (SIP).
While it ensures that all investors receive the best possible prices when executing trades, NBBO may not always reflect the most up-to-date data, resulting in trades that may not match investor price expectations.
The NBBO is calculated and disseminated by Security Information Processors (SIP) as part of the National Market System Plan (NMSP), which is used to process security prices. The lowest ask price and the highest bid price are displayed in the NBBO and are not required to come from the same exchange—the best bid and ask price from a single exchange or market maker is called the “best bid and offer,” rather than the NBBO. Suppose a broker receives the following orders to purchase stock for company ABC:
200 shares for $1,000
300 shares for $1,500
100 shares for $800
350 shares for $1,600
At the same time, the following are available sale prices for the same company's stock:
100 shares for $900
200 shares for $1,200
150 shares for $950
The NBBO for ABC is $1,600/$900 because they are the best bid/offer prices available to traders within the given range. The Securities Exchange Commission's (SEC) Regulation NMS requires brokers to trade at the best available ask and bid price when buying and selling securities for customers and guarantee at least the NBBO quoted price to its customers at the time of a trade.

National Best Bid and Offer (NBBO)

A position is the amount of a security, commodity, or currency that is owned, or sold short, by an individual, dealer, institution, or other entity. 

A position is the amount of a security, asset, or property that is owned (or sold short) by some individual or other entity. Long-short market-neutral hedge funds make use of these positions, and often use as their benchmark the risk-free rate of return because they do not worry about the direction of the market.
The term position can be used in several situations, as illustrated by the following examples:
1.  Dealers will often maintain a cache of long positions in particular securities in order to facilitate quick trading.
2.  A trader closes a position, resulting in a net profit of 10%.
3.  An importer of olive oil has a natural short position in euros, as euros are constantly flowing in and out of its hands.
Positions can be either speculative, risk-reducing, or the natural consequence of a particular business. For example, day traders generally close out trading positions on the same day that they were opened, while a long-term investor may close out a long position in a blue-chip stock many years after the position was first opened. Notably, closing a short position requires buying back the shares, while closing long positions entails selling the long position. The difference between the price at which the position in a security was opened and the price at which it was closed represents the gross profit or loss (P&L) on that position.

Position

R is a letter addendum to a stock ticker to identify the security as a rights offering. R is also the abbreviation for "return" in formulas.

In securities trading, the letter R has a special meaning when added to the end of a ticker symbol. For example, the equation for the Sharpe ratio, a measure of risk-adjusted return, is as follows:
S r \= R p − R f σ p where: S r \= Sharpe Ratio R p \= Portfolio risk R f \= Risk free rate σ p \= Standard deviation of portfolio \\begin{aligned} &\\mathit{S}\_r = \\frac{ \\mathit{R}\_p - \\mathit{R}\_f }{ \\sigma \\mathit{p} } \\\\ &\\textbf{where:}\\\\ &\\mathit{S}\_r = \\text{Sharpe Ratio} \\\\ &\\mathit{R}\_p = \\text{Portfolio risk} \\\\ &\\mathit{R}\_f = \\text{Risk free rate} \\\\ &\\sigma \\mathit{p} = \\text{Standard deviation of portfolio} \\\\ \\end{aligned} ​Sr​\=σpRp​−Rf​​where:Sr​\=Sharpe RatioRp​\=Portfolio riskRf​\=Risk free rateσp\=Standard deviation of portfolio​
In this formula, Sr stands for Sharpe Ratio, Rp stands for Risk of the Portfolio being evaluated, and Rf stands for the Risk Free rate, and σp stands for the standard deviation of the portfolio's excess return above the risk free rate. In financial formulas the letter R designates Returns.
When added to the end of a ticker symbol, the letter R designates that the shares in question are a rights offering. On the NASDAQ exchange, R is used as a fifth letter in a company ticker symbol when the security being traded is a rights offering. This is an issue of rights to a company's existing shareholders that entitles them to buy additional shares directly from the company in proportion to their existing holdings within a fixed time period called the subscription period, which typically lasts one to three months.

The S&P/TSX Composite Index is a capitalization-weighted index that tracks the performance of companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX).

The S&P/TSX Composite Index is a capitalization-weighted equity index that tracks the performance of the largest companies listed on Canada's primary stock exchange, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). Two other ETFs— iShares S&P/TSX Capped Composite Index (TSX: XIC) and BMO S&P/TSX Capped Composite Index (TSX: ZCN)—track a subset index, the S&P/TSX Capped Composite. As of Aug. 10, 2021, the top index components by market cap in the S&P/TSX index include the following stocks (exact order may fluctuate day-to-day):
TSX Composite Index Components (as of Aug. 10, 2021)
Royal Bank of Canada
Shopify Inc
Toronto-Dominion Bank
Bank of Nova Scotia The S&P/TSX Composite Index is a capitalization-weighted equity index that tracks the performance of the largest companies listed on Canada's primary stock exchange, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). On Aug. 6, 2021, the S&P/TSX Composite Index reached an all-time closing high of 20,475.40.
Listing fees for the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) range from $10,000 - $200,000; $7,500 - $40,000 for the TSX Venture Exchange.

S&P/TSX Composite Index

The E-mini S&P 500 is an electronically-traded futures contract representing one-fifth of the value of the standard S&P 500 futures contract.

The E-mini S&P 500 is an electronically-traded futures contract on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) representing one-fifth of the value of the standard S&P 500 futures contract. The value of the full-sized S&P 500 contract had become too large for most small traders so the first E-mini contract—the E-mini S&P 500—began trading on September 9, 1997. The E-mini S&P 500 is an electronically-traded futures contract on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) representing one-fifth of the value of the standard S&P 500 futures contract. The S&P 500 E-mini is a futures contract representing 1/5 the value of a standard S&P 500 futures contract. A position with five E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts has the same financial value as one full-sized contract in the same contract month.

S&P 500 Mini

Speculative flow is the movement of hot money into shares of a sector or specific company or an asset class in an attempt to earn short-term gains.

Economic Consequences of Housing Speculation

Speculative flow is the movement of hot money into shares of a sector or specific company or an asset class in an attempt to earn short-term gains. Speculative flow is the movement of hot money into shares of a sector or specific company or an asset class in an attempt to earn short-term gains. Speculative flow is the movement of hot money into shares of a sector or company or asset class for short-term gains. Other like-minded speculators may catch wind of a hot trade and join in, adding to the speculative flow of money into a security — a stock, sector ETF, junk bonds, a foreign currency, cryptocurrency, etc. When traders expect Middle East tensions to erupt, OPEC to stick together, or supply of oil to otherwise be constrained, they may aggressively buy crude oil futures contracts in an attempt to reap short-term profits from a potential spike in oil prices.

Speculative Flow

A super upside note is an investment instrument with which an investor holds a long position in a stock.

A super upside note - SUN describes an investment in which a person who already is long in a stock leverages this position to buy additional shares of the same equity. Experienced traders tend to set rules regarding how much leverage they are willing to use when executing a super upside note, and tend to stick to those rules in all situations. Many traders will execute a super upside note with a stop-loss underneath an area of price support, in an effort to limit the damage should the trade go wrong. Moreover, based on the trader’s knowledge of Magda’s products, this trader believes Magda is the only company in the running for a specific large contract with the U.S. Department of Defense, which the department just announced today for bid. When the trade works, a super upside note increases the trader’s gain.

Super Upside Note (SUN)

Weak longs are investors who hold a long position but are quick to exit that position at the first sign of weakness in an effort to minimize loss. 

Weak longs are investors who hold a long position and are quick to exit that position at the first sign of weakness. Short-term traders may buy the stock at the open to capitalize on the run-up while long-term investors may add the stock to their existing positions. The drawback is that weak longs tend to generate substantial churn in their portfolio and it can be harder to remain profitable over the long term compared to a strategy of long-term investing.
Suppose that a company announces favorable earnings for the quarter. Weak longs are often short-term traders rather than long-term investors because they are unwilling to hold their positions through market fluctuations. Long-term investors will continue holding the stock over the long term.

Weak Longs

Yo-yo is slang for a very volatile market. A yo-yo market has no distinguishing features of either an up or down market, taking on characteristics of both.

Dow Jones Industrial Average - 2015 Year in Review

Yo-yo is a slang term for a very volatile market. Security prices in a yo-yo market may swing from very high to reach a low point over a given period of time, making it difficult for buy and hold investors to profit.
Yo-yo markets can be profitable environments for astute traders who are able to recognize buy and sell points and make trades before the market reverses.
Yo-yo markets are characterized by steep up and down movements in share prices which can occur within a short timeframe—such as weeks, days, or even hours.
While it is difficult for buy and hold investors to profit in a yo-yo market, they can be profitable environments for astute traders who are able to recognize buy and sell points and make trades before the market reverses. The name comes from the movements of a yo-yo toy; in a yo-yo market, security prices continually go up and down. Security prices in a yo-yo market may swing from very high to reach a low point over a given period of time, making it difficult for buy and hold investors to profit. The previous time the market had experienced an extended number of yo-yo days was during the stock market crash of 2008.

Yo-Yo

Z is a Nasdaq stock symbol specifying that a stock is a miscellaneous entity, such as a depositary receipt, stub, additional warrant, or unit.

The term Z refers to a designation for Nasdaq\-listed securities that identifies a miscellaneous entity. When a fifth letter appears, it identifies the issue as different from a single issue of common stock or capital stock. If you see a ticker symbol with the letter P after a dot, it means that the issuance is the preferred first issue of a company, while the letter O is the second preferred issue. As mentioned above, the letter Z identifies securities that are not single issues of common or capital stock. It indicates that a stock is different from a single issue of common or capital stock.

Stock Trading

More in Trading

Terms in Stock Trading