Workable Indication

What Is Workable Indication?

Workable indication is a pricing technique, stated as a range, which allows a dealer or broker flexibility when offering to buy or sell a particular debt instrument. It primarily applies to the municipal bond market.

Understanding Workable Indication

Simply put, a workable indication is a nominal quote showing the price at which a dealer is willing to either buy or sell an individual bond issue. This offer differs from a firm quote, aka a bona fide quote, which is binding on the dealer: They must follow through with the deal at a price cited if the offer is accepted. Municipal bond dealers can also give out "firm-with-recall" (or out-firm) quotes that can be good for roughly the next hour, and then recalled.

A workable indication usually a one-sided quote; that is, either a bid price or an asked price.

Municipal bonds typically are priced on a yield-to-maturity basis rather than a dollar price. If a dealer gives a workable indication like "I last saw this issue being offered at around 3.50," they're saying they might sell the bond at a price that would result in its yield to maturity being 3.5%.

Why Issue a Workable Indication?

In a sense, a nominal quote expressed in the form of workable indication might be seen as an estimate or initial offer, or perhaps a starting point, from which they can come to a mutually agreeable deal. The dealer or broker is under no obligation to honor the workable indication and can revise it if market conditions (or investor interest) change.

Workable indication allows both parties flexibility to negotiate until reaching specific figures. Flexible ranges work well when the dealer is in the initial stage of trying to make a deal and perhaps still gauging the interest of the potential buyers. 

The workable indication also gives the seller the ability to assess the impact of various price levels on investors. It may often be delivered in non-committal terms, using relatively vague language, such as “It’s somewhere in the neighborhood of…” or “I think it would probably be roughly around…”

A workable indication may be offered as a starting point for negotiation, or it may indicate that the bond is not being actively traded at the current time; since the dealer can't immediately locate it, they can't estimate the price and supply of the issue and give a firm quote on it.

Special Considerations

To fully appreciate how a workable indication tactic might be used in a bond-trading scenario, it is helpful to understand the atmosphere in which the buying and selling of munis typically takes place. Trading for municipal bonds is usually within a secondary or inter-dealer market. This is the marketplace where institutional investors — banks, bond funds, insurance companies — retail (individual) investors, and small businesses go to purchase bonds, and where bond dealers are offering issued munis for sale.

In contrast to the stock market, where the action tends to be a bit more fast-paced with frantic bursts of activity and the pressure to make quick decisions, the municipal bond market is generally more relaxed. Participants don't have to move fast. Instead, they can haggle and mull over the offer while trying to negotiate the best possible deal. In such an arena, a workable indication is often the starting point of the transaction process.

However, even in the muni bond market, there is always the possibility that another potential buyer will swoop in and express interest in a particular issue. Then the scenario may get more competitive, and buyers may need to think fast, deciding whether to increase their offers or to drop out of the bidding.