The currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham is the AED. The United Arab Emirates dirham is made up of 100 fuloos and its symbol is Dhs or DH. 

Clampdown on Commercial Use of UAE Emblem

United Arab Emirates Current Account Balance

Vulnerability, Resilience, and Reform: The GCC and the Oil Price Crisis 2014-2016

The AED is the currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham, the official currency of Dubai and other Emirates. _The UAE Dirham is the currency of the United Arab Emirates._
_It is sub-divided into 100 fils._
_It is pegged to the U.S. dollar and is among the world's most stable currencies._ The AED is the currency abbreviation for the United Arab Emirates dirham, the official currency of Dubai and other Emirates. The United Arab Emirates Dirham has been used since 1973, when it replaced several currencies, such as the Dubai riyal and the Qatar riyal. The United Arab Emirates had a gross domestic product of about $421 billion in 2019, making it the 30th largest in the world and second among

AED (United Arab Emirates Dirham)

The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Prior to 2002, it was known as the AFA.

Afghans Face Economic Ruin as Prices Rise and Cash Runs Low

The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. For its part, the AFN has depreciated heavily against the USD since 2012, depreciating from just under 50 AFN per USD to around 80 AFN per USD from 2019 through 2021. Although today the AFN enjoys relatively low rates of inflation, Afghanistan has experienced severe bouts of inflation in the past. The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Afghan afghani (AFN) is the national currency of Afghanistan.

Afghan Afghani (AFN)

ALL is the national currency for the Republic of Albania, the Albanian lek.

The Albanian _lek_ (ALL) is the national currency of the Republic of Albania. During the Soviet occupation between 1946 and 1965, the lek was pegged to the Soviet ruble at 12.5 lekë to 1 ruble until 1961 and 1.25 lek to 1 ruble between 1961 and 1965 after the ruble was redenominated. The Albanian lek (ALL) used in the Republic of Albania was first issued for circulation by the National Bank of Albania in 1926. The Albanian _lek_ (ALL) is the national currency of the Republic of Albania. The Albanian _lek_ (ALL) is the official currency of Albania, which has been in use since 1926.

ALL (Albanian Lek)

An American currency quotation is how much U.S. currency is needed to buy one unit of foreign currency.

An American currency quotation is a quotation in the foreign exchange markets whereby the value of the American dollar is stated as a per-unit measure of a foreign currency. American quotes include the EUR/USD, AUD/USD, GBP/USD, and NZD/USD, since these pairs are showing how much USD it takes to buy the first currency listed. In a currency pair, the first currency listed is a single unit, and the attached number or quote shows how much of the second currency it takes to buy that single unit of the first. In a currency pair, the first currency listed is one unit, and the listed rate is how much of the second currency it takes to buy the single unit of the first. The opposite of an American currency quotation is a European currency quotation where the foreign currency is the stated per-unit measure of the U.S. dollar.

American Currency Quotation

The Angolan Novo Kwanza (AON) was the national currency of Angola between 1990 and 1995.

Unemployment, Total (% of Total Labor Force) (Modeled ILO Estimate) - Angola

The Angolan Novo Kwanza (AON) was the national currency of Angola between 1990 and 1995. While Angola created its first national currency as an independent nation in 1977, this currency—called the Angola Kwanza (AOK)—soon saw its value rapidly eroded by inflation. Angola’s economy is one of the weakest in the world and relies almost exclusively on raw commodity exports.
Located on the western coast of Southern Africa, Angola is a relatively populous country, with roughly 30 million inhabitants. The devaluation was carried out at a rate of 1,000 new currency units for every 1 AON, reflecting the level of severity of Angola’s inflation crisis at that time. Unfortunately, the severe inflation that prompted the previous instances of currency devaluation in Angola has continued to be a severe problem in the country.

Angolan Novo Kwanza (AON)

The Argentine peso (ARP) was introduced in 1983 and was discontinued the following year.

Emissions, Inflations, and Convertibility Room

The Argentine _peso_ (ARP) was the former national currency of the Argentine Republic. In 1970, the moneda nacional was replaced by a new peso known as the peso ley (ARL), which was itself replaced in 1983 by the Argentine peso (ARP). The Argentine _peso_ (ARP) was the former national currency of the Argentine Republic. The Argentine peso (ARP) was the national currency of Argentina, but is not longer in use. In 1992, the government replaced the austral with the current national currency of Argentina, the Argentinian Nuevo peso (ARS).

Argentine Peso (ARP)

The ARS (Argentinian Nuevo Peso) is the national currency of Argentina.

World Monetary Units: An Historical Dictionary, Country by Country

What Can We Learn from the 1998–2002 Depression in Argentina?

Treasury Reporting Rates of Exchange, As of December 31, 2002

Argentina Nationalizes $30 Billion in Private Pensions

Lessons Learned From the Argentine Economy Under Macri

Argentina Lifts Currency Controls, Floats Peso in Bid to Boost Economy

Argentina Eases Inflation Target, Stoking Rate Cut Expectations

The Spanish Dollar and the Colonial Shilling

The Argentine peso, often referred to as the _peso_, is the national currency of Argentina and its ISO currency code is ARS. The Argentine peso, often referred to as the _peso_, is the national currency of Argentina and its ISO currency code is ARS. The ARS (Argentine peso) is the country's official currency that began circulation in 1992, shortly after the country plunged into an economic depression. The central bank’s purchases of U.S. dollars in the open market meant the country amassed substantial reserves, which the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner eventually depleted in an attempt to prop up the value of the peso. In response, during the early 2000s, the Argentine government took steps to hold the exchange rate in the neighborhood of 3 pesos to 1 U.S. dollar, trying to trigger a boom in exports, and in turn, bring in new money.

Argentinian Nuevo Peso (ARS)

AUD/USD is the abbreviation for the currency cross of Australia and the United States and it is the fourth most traded currency pair.

AUD/USD (sometimes written AUDUSD) is the abbreviation for the Australian dollar and U.S. dollar currency pair or cross. The AUD/USD tends to have a negative correlation with the USD/CAD, USD/CHF, and USD/JPY pairs because the AUD/USD is quoted in U.S. dollars, while the others are not. AUD/USD (sometimes written AUDUSD) is the abbreviation for the Australian dollar and U.S. dollar currency pair or cross. Assuming no other changes, the Australian dollar will hold its value, and the relative value of the pair increases due to a strengthening of the Australian dollar when compared to the U.S. dollar. In this case, the Australian Dollar (abbreviated AUD) is considered the base currency, and the U.S. Dollar (abbreviated USD) is considered the quote currency, or the denomination in which the price quote is given.

AUD/USD (Australian Dollar/U.S. Dollar)

AUD is an abbreviation for the Australian dollar, which is also known as the Aussie dollar or the Aussie.

AUD is the abbreviation for the Australian dollar. The AUD/USD currency pair tends to be negatively correlated with the USD/CAD (the Canadian dollar), as well as the USD/JPY (the Japanese yen) pair, largely because the dollar is the quote currency in these cases. The AUD is the official currency in Australia and in several independent countries and territories in the South Pacific, including Papua New Guinea, Christmas Island, the Cocos Islands, Nauru, Tuvalu, and Norfolk Island. This contributed to higher interest rates in Australia relative to other countries, inviting currency trades to long AUD relative to JPY, for instance, based on the interest-rate differential between these countries. The Australian dollar is the official currency in Australia and in several independent countries and territories in the South Pacific, including Papua New Guinea, Christmas Island, the Cocos Islands, Nauru, Tuvalu, and Norfolk Island.

An authorized forex dealer is a regulated financial institution that facilitates transactions in the foreign exchange market.

An authorized forex dealer is a type of financial institution that has received authorization from a relevant regulatory body to act as a dealer involved in the trading of foreign currencies. An authorized forex dealer is a type of financial institution that has received authorization from a relevant regulatory body to act as a dealer involved in the trading of foreign currencies. A process called a rollover, done automatically by the authorized forex dealer each night, allows traders to speculate without having to deliver or receive the actual underlying quantities of currencies they are trading. The NFA, which is overseen by the CFTC, ensures that authorized forex dealers are subject to stringent screening upon registration and strong enforcement of regulations upon approval. That is different than forex _trading_ providing by authorized forex dealers.

Authorized Forex Dealer

The Aruban Florin (AWG) is the national currency used in Aruba which pegs to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1.79 florins per dollar.

Kingdom of the Netherlands: One Kingdom – Four Countries; European and Caribbean

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) - Aruba

The Aruban florin (AWG) is the currency of the Caribbean island nation of Aruba. ​​​​​​​The Aruban Florin was first introduced in 1986, the year Aruba obtained _status aparte_ within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which means Aruba is autonomous though not completely independent. The Aruban central bank, the Centrale Bank van Aruba, issues the florin, which is subdivided into 100 cents and also known as the Aruban guilder. As part of the gradual move toward self-rule, Aruba replaced the Netherlands Antillean guilder with the Aruban florin. In 1954, Aruba became part of the Netherlands Antilles, an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands that also included Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius and Sint Maarten.

AWG (Aruban Florin)

The first currency quoted in a currency pair on forex. It is also typically considered the domestic currency or accounting currency.

The base currency – also called the transaction currency - is the first currency appearing in a currency pair quotation, followed by the second part of the quotation, called the quote currency or the counter currency. For example, if you were looking at the CAD/USD currency pair, the Canadian dollar would be the base currency and the U.S. dollar would be the quote currency. When provided with an exchange rate, currency pairs indicate how much of the quote currency is needed to buy one unit of the provided base currency. In forex, the base currency represents how much of the quote currency is needed for you to get one unit of the base currency.

Base Currency

The BBD (Barbados dollar) is the national currency of Barbados. Its value is pegged to the U.S. dollar (USD) at a rate of 2 BBD per USD.

The BBD (Barbados dollar) is the national currency of the Caribbean island nation of Barbados. The BBD (Barbados dollar) is the national currency of the Caribbean island nation of Barbados. The Barbados dollar (BBD) is the national currency of the island of Barbados. Because it is pegged to the USD at a rate of two-to-one, the value of the Barbados dollar relative to the USD has been highly stable. Like the U.S. dollar (USD), the Barbados dollar subdivides into 100 cents.

Barbados Dollar (BBD)

The Bangladesh taka (BDT) has been the official currency of Bangladesh since 1972. 

BDT is the currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Bangladesh taka (BDT), the currency for Bangladesh. BDT is the currency symbol used for the Bangladesh Taka in forex quotes
The exchange rate between taka and U.S. Dollars or euros has stabilized in recent years compared to previous decades
The central bank of Bangladesh controls larger banknotes, while the country's Ministry of Finance controls the smaller denominations of the currency.
BDT as the currency symbol for the Bangladesh taka is used in foreign exchange markets (forex) to exchange taka for units of other currency such as U.S. Dollars. BDT is the currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Bangladesh taka (BDT), the currency for Bangladesh. Large Bangladesh banknotes are controlled by the Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of Bangladesh, while the smaller denominations are the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance. The Bangladesh taka was first seen in 1972 after Bangladesh won its independence in the Bangladesh Liberation War.

BDT (Bangladesh Taka)

As its name suggests, a forex e-book is simply a type of electronic book that deals with foreign exchange trading.

Ebooks vs. print books: Readers' choices and preferences across contexts

As its name suggests, a forex e-book is simply a type of electronic book that deals with foreign exchange trading. By 2011, the e-book had outpaced printed books in sales.﻿﻿ Given the inherent complexity of the foreign currency market, e-books have become one of the most popular methods of learning for those who are just getting started in trading forex. Forex e-books are popular among new forex traders who are looking for an overview of the forex markets, but they can also be useful for more experienced traders who want to explore a specific subtopic or technique. After all, traders and trading firms often produce forex e-books as a type of marketing document, in an effort to find new customers for their brokerage platforms, trading systems, or other products and services. Forex e-books are popular among new traders who are seeking an introduction to the high-level concepts and trading techniques used in the forex market.

Forex E-Book

The Bulgarian lev (BGN) is the official currency of Bulgaria which borders the Black Sea. The BGN is pegged to the euro which will eventually replace the lev.

BGN is the currency code for the Bulgarian lev, which is the official currency of the country of Bulgaria. BGN is the currency code for the Bulgarian lev, which is the official currency of the country of Bulgaria. Bulgaria has made plans in the past to switch over from the Bulgarian lev (BGN) to the euro, but not everyone agrees that getting rid of the lev would be in the country’s best interest. While no timeline exists, the euro is expected to eventually replace the BGN as Bulgaria has been a European Union (EU) member since 2007.
The BGN is pegged at one euro equals 1.95583 leva. The currency was pegged to the U.S. dollar (USD) at a rate of 6.8 leva per USD, but fell to a rate of 9.52 in 1957.

Bulgarian Lev (BGN)

The BHD is the symbol for the Bahraini dinar, which is the official currency for Bahrain, an island nation in the Arabian Gulf near Saudi Arabia.

The BHD is the symbol for the Bahraini dinar, which is the official currency for Bahrain, an island nation in the Arabian Gulf near Saudi Arabia. The BHD is pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 2.659:1.
The BHD is the symbol for the Bahraini dinar, which is the official currency for Bahrain, an island nation in the Arabian Gulf near Saudi Arabia.
The BHD banknotes have denominations of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 20 dinar and coins valued at 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 fulūs, which are managed by the Central Bank of Bahrain.
The BHD is a highly valued currency and is officially pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1 BD = 2.659 USD.
The BHD (Bahraini dinar) is made up of 1,000 fulūs, which is plural for fils, and often uses the symbol BD when trading. The BHD is the symbol for the Bahraini dinar, which is the official currency for Bahrain, an island nation in the Arabian Gulf near Saudi Arabia. By 2006, the Bahrain Agency transitioned and was renamed the official Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB). By 2008, the Central Bank of Bahrain launched a new group of banknotes, which were technically its fourth official series of notes.

Bahraini Dinar (BHD)

The BMD is the abbreviation for the currency symbol for the Bermudian dollar, which is often written out as BD$.

BMD is the currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Bermudian dollar, that official currency of the island nation of Bermuda. BMD is the currency abbreviation or currency symbol for the Bermudian dollar, that official currency of the island nation of Bermuda. Given that the exchange rate at the time was 2.40 U.S. dollars equaled 1 British pound, the change made 1 Bermudian pound equal to 1 U.S. dollar, or 240 pence to a pound. So if you don’t exchange any BMD back to the currency of your national residence before you depart the island, any BMD currency you bring home with you is only useful as a souvenir, at least until you return to Bermuda, where you can use it again. The Bermudian dollar (BMD) is the official currency of Bermuda, an island nation in the Atlantic ocean.

Bermudian Dollar (BMD)

Bolivian boliviano (BOB) is the national currency of Bolivia. While its modern version debuted in 1987, previous versions have existed since 1864.

Year 2020 - Official Quotes of the Bolivian in Relation to the US Dollar

First Family of Banknotes of the Plurinational State of Bolivia

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) - Bolivia

GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) - Bolivia

The Bolivian _boliviano_ (BOB) is the national currency of Bolivia. Although Bolivia has experienced significant currency devaluations in its recent history, the current boliviano has been relatively stable thus far.
The boliviano is issued and overseen by Bolivia's central bank, the Banco Central de Bolivia, which disseminates the currency in both coin and banknote formats.
A single boliviano is comprised of 100 subunits, called _centavos_. Continued inflationary pressures led Bolivia to replace the peso boliviano with the modern boliviano in 1987, introducing it roughly at par with the dollar, or 1 million new bolivianos per peso boliviano. By 1963, the boliviano had resumed its devaluation, prompting the government to replace it with a new currency—the peso boliviano—which began circulation at an exchange rate of 1,000 to 1 relative to the previous version of the currency. When first introduced in 1864, the boliviano replaced the Bolivian _scudo_ at a rate of 1 boliviano to 0.5 Bolivian scudi.

BOB (Bolivian Boliviano)

The Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM) is the national currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM) is the national currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina, established in 1997, issues and circulates the Bosnia-Herzegovina convertible mark (BAM).﻿﻿ The creation of the central bank, as well as the convertible mark, came as part of the Dayton Agreement. The Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM) is the national currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM) is the national currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This diplomatic agreement marked the end of the Bosnian War, forming the basic governing structure of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM)

The Brazilian real, abbreviated BRL, is made up of 100 centavos and is often presented with the symbol R$.

BRL is the currency abbreviation symbol for the Brazilian real (BRL), the currency for Brazil. The Brazilian real was first adopted as the official currency in July 1994, replacing the cruzeiro real at a rate of 1 real to 2,750 cruzeiro real. If the USD/BRL rate moves up to 6.1234 that means that the Brazilian real has weakened versus the U.S. dollar as 1 USD is now worth more BRL, 6 .1234 to be exact. If, on the other had, the USD/BRL rate were to fall to 4.6789 then that means that the Brazilian real has increased in value relative to the USD as 1 USD is worth less BRL, 4.6789 to be exact. It was first adopted as the official currency in July 1994, replacing the cruzeiro real at a rate of 1 real to 2,750 cruzeiro real.

Brazilian Real (BRL)

The Bahamian dollar (BSD) is the national currency of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

The Bahamian dollar (BSD) is the national currency of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The value of the BSD is pegged on a 1-to-1 basis to the U.S. dollar (USD), with businesses in the Bahamas generally accepting either BSD or USD as legal tender. Although the value of the BSD is pegged to the USD, the long-term value of the BSD is ultimately reliant on the economic strength of the Bahamas. The BSD has been the official currency of the Bahamas since 1966, when it replaced the British pound (GBP) at a rate of 7 shillings per BSD. The Bahamian dollar (BSD) is the national currency of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

Bahamian Dollar (BSD)

BTN (Bhutanese ngultrum) is the national currency for the Kingdom of Bhutan. 

"Live Bhutan Ngultrum to Dollar Exchange Rate (BTN/USD) Today

The Bhutanese _ngultrum_ (BTN) is the national currency for the Kingdom of Bhutan, an isolated, mountainous country in central Asia. The Bhutanese _ngultrum_ (BTN) is the national currency for the Kingdom of Bhutan, an isolated, mountainous country in central Asia. According to the 2019 World Bank data, the Kingdom of Bhutan experienced a 4% yearly growth in the country's gross domestic product (GDP) with an annual inflation rate of 2.6%. The Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN) is the official currency of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Until 1789, the most common currency in Bhutan consisted of coins manufactured at the Cooch Behar mint in West Bengal, India.

Bhutanese Ngultrum (BTN)

Burgernomics refers to the Economist's Big Mac Index, which tracks purchasing power parity using the cost of a McDonald's Big Mac as the price benchmark. 

Burgernomics is an economics term made popular by the so-called Big Mac Index published by The Economist. Burgernomics takes its name from the Big Mac Index, first published in 1986, as a tongue-in-cheek example of purchasing power parity (PPP) across national economies. According to the magazine, the Big Mac PPP denotes the exchange rate at which McDonalds' famous hamburger would cost the same in the United States as it would in other countries across the world. They also note that in Islamic countries and in Israel, the Big Mac, made with halal and kosher beef, respectively, but the addition of cheese makes it non-kosher. The adjusted index uses the 'line of best fit' between Big Mac prices and GDP per person for 48 countries (plus the euro area).

Burgernomics

BWP is the currency code for the Botswana pula, the currency for Botswana. Its currency code is BWP.

Inflation, Consumer Prices (annual %) - Botswana

BWP is the ISO currency code for the official currency of Botswana, the _pula,_ and the symbol "P" represents it.﻿﻿ The Botswana pula is pegged to a basket of currencies, which operates using a crawling band exchange policy using special drawing rights (SDR) and the South African rand (ZAR) as reserve assets. If the rate rises to 12, that means the pula has lost value relative to the USD, since it now costs more pula to buy the U.S. dollar. The Botswana pula is the official currency of Botswana and trades under ISO currency code BWP. If the rate falls to 9.5, the pula has strengthened in value relative to the USD, since it now costs fewer pula to buy the USD.

BWP (Botswana Pula)  and History

The currency abbreviation for the Belize dollar is BZD. It is the official currency of this Central American country.

BZD is the currency abbreviation for the Belize dollar, which is the currency for Belize. Belize’s currency was initially pegged to the British pound, but in 1931, when Britain abandoned the gold standard, Belize’s currency became pegged to the U.S. dollar. The Belize dollar was officially recognized as the currency for Belize on January 1, 1974, when it replaced the British Honduras dollar. BZD is the currency abbreviation for the Belize dollar, which is the currency for Belize. Belize, which was a British colony and part of British Honduras, was renamed Belize six months prior on June 1, 1973.

BZD (Belize Dollar)

Cable is a term used among forex traders that refers to the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar (USD) and the British pound sterling (GBP).

Conclusions of a Meeting of the Cabinet held at 10 Downing Street, S.W.1, on Saturday, 17th September, 1949, at 6 - 45 p.m.

Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves

Table of Contents
What Is "Cable"?
Understanding the Cable
Dominant Currency Until Post-WWII
Base Currency To find the reverse rate, i.e., how many GBP it takes to buy one USD (which is USD/GBP), divide one by the GBP/USD rate. When the GBP/USD rate is falling, that means it costs less USD to buy one GBP, and therefore the GBP is declining in value relative to the USD. When charting the GBP/USD, if the rate is rising it means the GBP is performing better than the USD, or the USD is underperforming the GBP. For example, if the GBP/USD rate is 1.3050, to get the USD/GBP rate, divide one by 1.3050 for a rate of 0.76628.

Cable

CAD, nicknamed the "loonie," is the currency abbreviation or currency symbol used to denote the Canadian Dollar.

Striking in Its Solitude – The 1-Dollar Coin, Familiarly Known as the 'Loonie'

Balance and Composition – The 2-Dollar Coin

Australia Issues the First Polymer Banknote ($10)

CAD is the official currency of Canada and is considered to be a benchmark currency, meaning that many central banks across the globe keep Canadian dollars as a reserve currency. CAD is the official currency of Canada and is considered to be a benchmark currency, meaning that many central banks across the globe keep Canadian dollars as a reserve currency. The Canadian dollar has been in use since 1858 when the Province of Canada replaced the Canadian pound with its first official Canadian coins. The Canadian dollar was pegged to the U.S. dollar at par using the gold standard system of one dollar equaling 23.22 grins of gold.

CAD (Canadian Dollar)

The XAF (Central African CFA Franc) is the official currency of six central African countries.

Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %)—Cameroon

Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %)—Gabon

GDP Growth (Annual %)—Equatorial Guinea

Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %)—Equatorial Guinea

Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %)—Congo, Rep.

Human Development Index and Its Components

Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %)—Chad

GDP Growth (Annual %)—Central African Republic

Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %)—Central African Republic

The XAF (Central African CFA Franc) is the official currency of six central African countries. The XAF (Central African CFA Franc) is used by the members of the central African currency union, which is known as the Economic and Monetary Union of Central Africa and includes Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. The XAF (Central African CFA Franc) is the official currency of six central African countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. In 1972, the Bank of Central African States was formed, replacing the Central Bank of Equatorial Africa and Cameroon as the currency manager and the region ’s banking supervisor. The XAF (Central African CFA Franc) is the official currency of six central African countries.

XAF (Central African CFA Franc)

The CFA franc, backed by the French treasury, refers to both the Central African CFA franc and the West African CFA franc and is used by 14 countries.

Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) -Central African Republic

The CFA franc, backed by the French treasury and pegged to the euro, refers to both the Central African CFA franc (XAF) and the West African CFA franc (XOF), and is accepted in 14 member countries.
CFA stands for _Communatué financière d'Afrique_ or African Financial Community.  In 2019 The CFA franc, backed by the French treasury and pegged to the euro, refers to both the Central African CFA franc (XAF) and the West African CFA franc (XOF), and is accepted in 14 member countries.
CFA stands for _Communatué financière d'Afrique_ or African Financial Community.  In 2019 CFA franc can refer to either the Central African CFA franc, which is the official currency of six member nations and symbolized by the abbreviation XAF in currency markets, or the West African CFA franc, which is the official currency of eight member nations and is symbolized by the abbreviation XOF in currency markets. The CFA franc, backed by the French treasury and pegged to the euro, refers to both the Central African CFA franc and the West African CFA franc, and it's accepted in 14 member countries. Central African CFA franc, symbolized by the abbreviation XAF in currency markets, is the official currency of six member nations, and the West African CFA franc, symbolized by the abbreviation XOF in currency markets, is the official currency of eight member nations.

CFA Franc

The CFP Franc (XPF) is the official currency of the French territories of the Pacific: New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis, and Futuna.

The CFP franc (XPF) is the official currency of four French overseas island collectivities: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis, and Futuna. From New Caledonia to French Polynesia, one side of the coins remains the same, while the reverse side will vary, appearing with either the name Nouvelle-Calédonie (New Caledonia, Wallis, and Futuna) or the name Polynésie Française (French Polynesia).
Similar to how the euro coins function, with one side that exhibits a national theme but is legal tender in all eurozone countries The CFP franc (XPF) is the official currency of four French overseas island collectivities: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis, and Futuna. CFP stands for Central Pacific franc and is also known as the “_franc Pacifique,_” due to its use in the Pacific Ocean region known as French Polynesia. The CFP franc (XPF) is the official currency of French Polynesia and its neighboring French protectorates.

CFP Franc (XPF)

CHF is the abbreviation for the Swiss franc, which is the official currency of Switzerland.

Turnover of OTC Foreign Exchange Instruments, by Currency

Inflation, Consumer Prices (Annual %)—Switzerland

Switzerland Foreign Exchange Reserves: % of GDP

CHF is the abbreviation for the Swiss franc, the official legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. CHF's popularity stems from its status as a perennial safe haven currency
The currency market, also known as the foreign exchange market or forex, is the largest financial market in the world, with a daily average volume of more than U.S. $6.6 trillion in April 2019. Although the high value of the currency made foreign goods cheap in Switzerland, it hurts domestic exporters and the Swiss tourism industry, as it makes the purchase of Swiss manufactured goods and services more expensive. The Swiss franc's popularity stems from its status as a perennial safe haven currency, with many governments and other entities holding the currency as a buffer against instability in various types of markets and investments. The Swiss franc is often called the swissie by currency market traders, and it is the seventh most traded currency in the world.

CHF (Swiss Franc)

The Christmas Island dollar was once the official currency used on Christmas Island, which is an Australian territory. It now uses AUD.

Handover of Christmas Island to Australia

The Christmas Island Dollar was formerly the official currency of Christmas Island, a small Australian island located in the Indian Ocean. This switch from the use of a local currency to the use of another jurisdiction's currency is called dollarization or currency substitution and is a common phenomenon.
Unlike the case of Christmas Island which became an Australian territory, dollarization sometimes also takes place in developing countries that have unstable economies or weak central governments. The Christmas Island dollar was the official currency of the Pacific Island, Christmas Island, which was at various times a territory of Great Britain and Singapore. ![Christmas Island Flag](data:image/gif;charset=utf-8;base64,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)
The Christmas Island flag is divided diagonally; the upper triangle is green with a yellow Golden Bosun Bird; the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia; centered yellow disk holds a green map of the island. The Christmas Island Dollar was formerly the official currency of Christmas Island, a small Australian island located in the Indian Ocean.

Christmas Island Dollar

The CLP (Chilean peso), symbolized by $, is the recognized currency of Chile and is issued by the Banco Central de Chile, the country's central bank.

The CLP (Chilean peso), which is symbolized by $, and subdivides into 100 centavos, is the recognized currency of Chile and is issued by the Banco Central de Chile, the country's central bank. The CLP (Chilean peso), which is symbolized by $, and subdivides into 100 centavos, is the recognized currency of Chile and is issued by the Banco Central de Chile, the country's central bank. The Chilean peso (CLP) is the national currency of Chile and is issued by the Banco Central de Chile, the country's central bank. Fifteen years later, in 1975, the central bank established a new Chilean peso, the CLP, and began replacing the _escudo_ at an exchange rate of $1 peso for 1,000 _escudos_. Colloquial names for the Chilean peso include _quina,_ for the 500 peso note, and _gamba_, for the 100 peso note.

Chilean Peso (CLP)

Commodity pairs are three forex combinations involving currencies from countries that possess large amounts of commodities. 

The commodity pairs, or commodity currencies, are those forex currency pairs from countries with large amounts of commodity reserves. The commodity pairs include pairing the U.S. dollar (USD) with the Canadian dollar (CAD), Australian dollar (AUD), and the New Zealand dollar (NZD). The commodity pairs, or commodity currencies, are those forex currency pairs from countries with large amounts of commodity reserves. The commodity pairs refer to currencies in economies sensitive to changes in commodity prices, which often are countries that rely on commodity exports for their GDP. A U.S.-based trader, for example, might buy the Australian dollar versus the U.S. dollar exchange rate (AUD/USD) at the prevailing rate of 0.7500, which translates to 75 U.S. cents for one Australian dollar.

Commodity Pairs

The conversion rate is used to calculate how much of one currency can be exchanged for another.

A conversion rate is the ratio between two currencies, most commonly used in foreign exchange markets, which designates how much of one currency is needed to exchange for the equivalent value of another currency. As the rate changes, one country's money can become weaker or stronger against other currencies. For example, if the euro/U.S. dollar conversion rate is 1.25, that means one euro can equate to $1.25 in American currency. A conversion rate is the ratio between two currencies, most commonly used in foreign exchange markets, which designates how much of one currency is needed to exchange for the equivalent value of another currency. Because a conversion rate represents the price of one currency denominated by another, it also reflects the relative supply and demand for each currency. Or if the U.S. dollar/Indian rupee (INR) conversion rate is 65.2, then one U.S. dollar is worth 65.2 Indian rupees.

Conversion Rate

A convertible currency is one that is freely traded and trusted by central banks and corporations.

A convertible currency is any nation's legal tender that can be easily bought or sold on the foreign exchange market with little to no restrictions. A convertible currency or hard currency is a currency that can be traded on forex markets with little to no restrictions. A convertible currency is any nation's legal tender that can be easily bought or sold on the foreign exchange market with little to no restrictions. A convertible currency is a reliable store of value, meaning an investor will have no trouble buying and selling the currency. A convertible currency is a highly liquid instrument as compared with currencies that are tightly controlled by a government's central bank or other regulating authority.

Convertible Currency

The counter currency is the second currency in a quoted currency pair. 

The Value of Currencies, Base and Counter Currencies

Table of Contents
What Is a Counter Currency?
How Counter Currencies Work
Special Considerations When an investor buys or goes long on a currency pair, they sell the counter currency but if they short a currency pair, they buy the counter currency.
Currency pairs—both base and counter currencies—are affected by a number of different factors. The counter currency is listed after the base currency in the pair when currency traders examine ISO currency codes. If you look up a currency pair using ISO currency codes, the counter currency is the one that follows the base currency. Major currencies, such as the euro and U.S. dollar, are more likely to be the base currency rather than the counter currency in a currency pair, especially when it comes to trades in exotic currencies.

Counter Currency

The Costa Rican Colón (CRC) has been the official currency of Costa Rica since 1896. Visitors will find U.S. dollars equally acceptable.

The Costa Rican colón (CRC) is the national currency of the Republic of Costa Rica. Costa Rican colón was adopted as the national currency in 1896, about 70 years after Costa Rica and its Central American neighbors declared independence from Spain. The Costa Rican colón (CRC) is the national currency of the Republic of Costa Rica. Costa Rican colón (CRC) is the official currency of the Republic of Costa Rica. The Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR) manages national inflation and the colón's relationship to the U.S. dollar.

Costa Rican Colón (CRC)

In the forex market, credit checking is a background check to scrutinize a counterparty's ability to cover their side of a currency transaction.

Credit checking, with regards to forex markets, examines the financial health and creditworthiness of counterparties in a currency transaction. Company B will want to see the same from Company A.
A strong commercial credit score, as well as other financial information provided by each company, such as their cash position and possibly revenues and expenses, will help each party feel more comfortable with the transaction. Brokers may do credit checks on trading clients, while institutions may run credit checks on other institutions they engage in financial transactions with. A credit check in the foreign exchange (forex) market is much like the credit check a landlord makes on a potential tenant. By engaging in credit checking before transactions take place, confidence is maintained that each party has enough credit to carry out and honor the deal.

Credit Checking

A cross currency is a currency rate that is quoted and transacted without using U.S. dollars. 

A cross currency refers to a currency pair or transaction that does not involve the U.S. dollar. Although the U.S. dollar still acts as the world reserve currency, the rise of the forex market has made cross currency transactions and cross currency pairs common. A cross currency refers to a currency pair or transaction that does not involve the U.S. dollar. Many traders take advantage of the carry trade where they own a high yielding currency like the Australian dollar or the New Zealand dollar and short the Japanese yen - the low yielding currency. A cross currency transaction, for example, doesn't use the U.S. dollar as a contract settlement currency.

Cross Currency  & Example

A cross rate is a transaction in which any two foreign currencies are exchanged for values that are both expressed in a third currency.

What is a Cross Rate and How to Derive One

A cross rate is a foreign currency exchange transaction between two currencies that are both valued against a third currency.﻿﻿ In the foreign currency exchange markets, the U.S. dollar is the currency that is usually used to establish the values of the pair being exchanged.
As the base currency, the U.S. dollar always has a value of one. A cross rate is a foreign currency exchange transaction between two currencies that are both valued against a third currency.﻿﻿ In the foreign currency exchange markets, the U.S. dollar is the currency that is usually used to establish the values of the pair being exchanged.
As the base currency, the U.S. dollar always has a value of one. Cross rates that are traded in the interbank market but are far less active include the Swiss franc versus the Japanese yen, or CHF/JPY, and the British pound versus the Swiss franc, or GBP/CHF.
Cross rates involving the Japanese yen are usually quoted as the number of yen versus the other currency, regardless of the other currency.
Cross quotes in currencies that are similar in value and quoting convention must be posted carefully in order to prevent mistakes in trading. For example, if you were calculating the cross rate of the British pound versus the euro, you would first determine that the British pound, as of Dec. 18, 2020, was valued at 0.74 to one U.S. dollar, while the euro was valued at 0.82 to one U.S. dollar. Any two currencies can be quoted against each other, but the most actively traded cross currency pairs are the euro versus the British pound, or EUR/GBP, and the euro versus the Japanese yen, or EUR/JPY.

Cross Rate

CUP is the abbreviation for one of Cuba's two currencies, the Cuban peso.

CUP is the currency abbreviation for the Cuban _peso_, or "national peso" is one of the two official currencies used in Cuba. The Cuban peso is the national currency of Cuba and is the primary currency used by Cuban nationals as well as the currency in which most Cubans receive their salaries. In addition to the CUP, Cuba has another national currency, known as the Cuban convertible peso, which is abbreviated as CUC. While Cuba gained independence from Spanish rule in 1898 and became a republic in 1902, the Spanish reales were replaced by the Cuban peso as the country’s official currency back in 1857. The other currency, the Convertible peso (CUC), exchanges at a rate of approximately 26:1 and is pegged to the U.S. dollar.

Cuban Peso (CUP)

Currency appreciation is the increase in the value of one currency relative to another in forex markets.

Currency appreciation is an increase in the value of one currency in relation to another currency. Typically, a forex trader trades a currency pair in the hopes of currency appreciation of the base currency against the counter currency. By contrast, a currency represents the economy of a country, and a currency rate is quoted by pairing two countries together and calculating an exchange rate of one currency relative to the other. The second is the quoted currency and is represented by the rate as the amount of that currency needed to equal one unit of the base currency. As a rule of thumb, the increase or decrease of a rate always corresponds to the appreciation/depreciation of the base currency, and the inverse corresponds to the quoted currency.

Currency Appreciation

A forex chart graphically depicts the historical behavior, across varying time frames, of the relative price movement between two currency pairs.

Table of Contents
What Is a Forex Chart?
Understanding Forex Charts
Technical Indicators
Forex Charting and the Dow Theory
Forex Chart FAQs Many traders use forex charting software packages to determine the likely direction on a given currency pair in conjunction with other technologies such as predictive forecasting software and online trading to get an edge in forex markets.
A forex chart is the graphical representation of the relative price performance of a currency pair or pairs.
Technical analysts and day traders look to such charts for signals and patterns to inform their trading decisions.
The most common types of forex charts are line, bar, and candlestick charts; and the normal time frames that most platform's charting software provides range from tick data to yearly data.
Forex charting software comprises a powerful set of digital tools to make technical trading and analysis more streamlined and efficient.
A forex chart, essentially, allows a trader to view the past, which, according to technical analysts, can be a predictor of future price movement. Forex charts are essential tools for forex traders who wish to incorporate technical analysis to determine where to invest their funds as they can reveal the existence of trends. Technical analysis is the review of past market prices and technical indicators to predict the future movements of an investment. It is advisable that new traders experiment with a couple of different brokers and chart offerings before deciding where to open their accounts.
While there are a number of forex chart patterns of varying complexity, there are two common chart patterns that occur regularly and provide a relatively simple method for currencies trading. Forex charts can utilize line, bar, and candlestick chart types and the normal time frames that most platform's charting software provide range from tick data to yearly data.

Forex Chart

A currency day trading system is a set of guidelines that a foreign exchange day trader consults when determining whether to buy or sell a currency pair. 

A currency day trading system is a framework that day traders in the foreign exchange market use to determine whether to buy or sell a currency pair on a short-term or day trading basis. A currency day trading system is a framework that day traders in the foreign exchange market use to determine whether to buy or sell a currency pair on a short-term or day trading basis. A currency day trading system is a forex trading platform especially tailored to short-term and technical day traders. Currency day trading systems may make use of forex forecasting and charting software, and trades may be executed using an online FX trading platform. Manual currency trading systems involve traders tracking signals on their own; signals may include a particular chart pattern, a breakout of an important resistance level or a news event to materialize.

Currency Day Trading System

Travelers looking to buy foreign currency can do so at a currency exchange. 

Cuba Broadens Use of Dollars, Eliminates 10% Tax on Greenback

A currency exchange is a licensed business that allows customers to exchange one currency for another. For example, if you have U.S. dollars and you want to exchange them for Australian dollars, you would bring your U.S. dollars (or bank card) to the currency exchange store and buy Australian dollars with them. When faced with a standard bid and ask price for a currency, the higher price is what you would pay to buy the currency and the lower price is what you would receive if you were to sell the currency. Airports are commonplace for currency exchanges, enabling travelers to purchase currency of their travel destination immediately before their departure or exchange any excess money back to their local currency upon their return. Currency exchange businesses, both physical and online, allow you to exchange one country's currency for another by executing buy and sell transactions.

Currency Exchange

Currency history is a term that refers to the values of a base currency over time, specifically in relation to the values of other foreign currencies.

Business Research: Exchange Rates: Historical Foreign Exchange Rate

Central bank and monetary authority websites

Currency history is a term that refers to the historical performance of various currency pairs on the forex market, representing differences in exchange rates over time. Forex traders use these historical currency exchange rates to get a handle on how a currency pair has traded in the past in relation to current trends. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) also offers troves of historical currency data, along with an exchange rate query tool, to help with research into past relationships and trends. Currency history is a term that refers to the historical performance of various currency pairs on the forex market, representing differences in exchange rates over time. Currency history data for exchange rates is quite valuable to forex traders as well as to multinational companies that conduct business overseas and need to convert one currency into another.

Currency History

A currency symbol is a graphical representation substituted for the name of a currency, which is usually unique to a specific country or region.

A currency symbol is a graphical representation that denotes the name of a currency. This is because each currency has its own currency code, but not every currency has its own currency symbol. Because not every currency has its own symbol, each currency has its own currency code, such as EUR for euros. Some currencies, such as the U.S. dollar (USD) and the British pound sterling (GBP), have become instantly recognizable around the world by their currency symbol. In 2009, the Indian government aimed to raise the status of its currency, the rupee, by assigning it a currency symbol.

Currency Symbol

A currency trading platform is a type of trading platform used to help currency traders with forex trading analysis and trade execution.

A currency trading platform is a software interface provided by currency brokers to their customers to give them access as traders in the Forex markets. Many platforms also offer forex charting packages to determine the likely direction on a given currency pair in conjunction with other technologies such as predictive forecasting software and online trading to get an edge in forex markets. Some Forex brokers offer their own custom trading platforms for order processing and research, but many provide order access through integrated trading and research programs. Brokers such as Interactive Brokers or TD Ameritrade are popular brokerage options because they offer access to all asset classes, but firms such as IG or Oanda are popular among forex traders because of their specialization in that market and their competitive rates.
Most forex platforms will allow a trader to open a demo account prior to funding a full account. In the institutional markets, banking or brokerage companies may also build proprietary currency trading platforms to meet their internal needs with trades executed through institutional trading channels.

Currency Trading Platform Defintion

Currency translation is the process of converting the financial results of a parent company's foreign subsidiaries into its primary currency.

Statement of Financial Accounting, Standards No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation

A Roadmap to Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations

Nike, Inc. Reports Fiscal 2021 Second Quarter Results

Currency translation is the process of converting one currency in terms of another, often in the context of the financial results of a parent company's foreign subsidiaries into its functional currency—the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity generates and expends cash flows. The current rate method is utilized in instances where the subsidiary isn't well integrated with the parent company, and the local currency where the subsidiary operates is the same as its functional currency.
**The temporal method**: Also known as the historical method, this technique converts the currency of a foreign subsidiary into the currency of the parent company. **Income Statement**: The exchange rate on the date that income or an expense was recognized; a weighted average rate during the period is acceptable.
**Shareholder Equity**: The historical exchange rate at the date of entry to shareholder equity; the change in retained earnings uses historical exchange rates of each period's income statement.
Gains and losses resulting from currency conversions are recorded in financial statements. , the financial statements expressed in the functional currency should use the following exchange rates for translation:
**Assets and Liabilities**: The exchange rate between the functional currency and reporting currency at the end of the period. Currency translation is the process of converting one currency in terms of another, often in the context of the financial results of a parent company's foreign subsidiaries into its functional currency—the currency of the primary economic environment in which an entity generates and expends cash flows.

Forex Trading Strategy and Education

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