Disparity Index

What Is Disparity Index?

The disparity index is a technical indicator that measures the relative position of an asset's most recent closing price to a selected moving average and reports the value as a percentage.

Understanding Disparity Index

The introduction of the disparity index — at least to European and American traders — is attributed to Steve Nison, who discussed it in his book Beyond Candlesticks: New Japanese Charting Techniques Revealed (John Wiley & Sons, 1994). "A widely used Japanese tool is the disparity index," he wrote.

Steve Nison said the disparity index is "similar to Western dual moving averages, but this technique allows for better market timing.”

As a formula, the equation for the disparity index would be expressed as:

Disparity Index  =   ( Current Market Price  −   n -PMAV) n -PMAV  ×   100 where: n -PMAV = n -Period moving average value  \begin{aligned} &\text{Disparity Index}\ =\ \frac{(\text{Current Market Price}\ -\ n\text{-PMAV)}}{n\text{-PMAV}\ \times\ 100}\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ &n\text{-PMAV} = n\text{-Period moving average value }\end{aligned} Disparity Index = n-PMAV × 100(Current Market Price − n-PMAV)where:n-PMAV=n-Period moving average value 

A value greater than zero — a positive percentage — shows that the price is rising, suggesting that the asset is gaining upward momentum. Conversely, a value less than zero — a negative percentage — can be interpreted as a sign that selling pressure is increasing, forcing the price to drop. A value of zero means that the asset’s current price is exactly consistent with its moving average.

Similar to the Rate of Change (ROC) indicator (another momentum indicator), the disparity index generates important signals when it crosses over the zero line because it is an early signal of an imminent rapid change in the trend, and therefore the price. Extreme values in either direction may indicate that a price correction is about to occur.

A disparity index above zero suggests upward momentum, while less than zero may indicate a rise in selling pressure.

Disparity Index Example

Contrarian investors, in particular, like the disparity index. The extreme values of this indicator can be a very useful tool for them to foretell periods of exhaustion — that is, whether an asset is overbought or oversold, and thus vulnerable to an abrupt change.

Once the price is excessively pushed in one direction, there are very few investors to take the other side of the transaction when the participants wish to close their position, ultimately leading to a price reversal. So the disparity index is a good indicator in warning when a trending market is getting to an extreme. and might be ripe for a correction or a reversal.

Just like other momentum indicators, a trader should use the disparity index indicator in conjunction with other tools when trying to spot possible reversals or confirm a trend.