
Barings Bank
Barings Banks was a British merchant bank that collapsed in 1995 after one of its traders, 28-year-old Nick Leeson operating in its Singapore office, lost $1.3 billion in unauthorized trades. The Dutch bank ING Group, purchased Barings Bank in 1995 for the nominal sum of £1.00, assuming all of Barings' liabilities and forming the subsidiary ING Barings. Barings Banks was a British merchant bank that collapsed in 1995 after one of its traders, 28-year-old Nick Leeson operating in its Singapore office, lost $1.3 billion in unauthorized trades. Barings Bank was a UK-based merchant banking firm that failed after a trader named Nick Leeson engaged in a series of unauthorized and risky trades that went sour in 1995. The bank's assets were subsequently acquired by the Dutch ING Groep, forming ING Barings.

What Was Barings Bank?
Barings Banks was a British merchant bank that collapsed in 1995 after one of its traders, 28-year-old Nick Leeson operating in its Singapore office, lost $1.3 billion in unauthorized trades.
Founded in 1762, Barings was among the largest and most stable banks in the world. However, thanks to unauthorized speculation in futures contracts and other speculative dealings, it ceased operations on February 26, 1995. The direct cause was its inability to meet its cash requirements following those unauthorized trades. Even efforts by the Bank of England to arrange a rescue package could not avert the inevitable collapse.



Understanding Barings Bank
Leeson's reputation since then was one of a rogue trader, operating without supervision or oversight. At the time of the loss, he was assigned to an arbitrage trade, buying and selling Nikkei 225 futures contract in both the Osaka Securities Exchange in Japan and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange, in Singapore. However, instead of initiating simultaneous trades to exploit small differences in pricing between the two markets, he held his contracts, hoping to make a larger profit by betting on directional moves of the underlying index.
Making matters worse, Leeson hid is losses with accounting tricks. Had the bank discovered this earlier, it would have taken large but not devastating losses and remained solvent. Unfortunately, the firm was declared insolvent less than a week after Leeson's trading losses were finally discovered. After this episode, Leeson was arrested and sentenced to six and one-half years in a Singapore prison. However, he was released in 1999 after a diagnosis of colon cancer.
Acquisition
The Dutch bank ING Group, purchased Barings Bank in 1995 for the nominal sum of £1.00, assuming all of Barings' liabilities and forming the subsidiary ING Barings. A few years later, in 2001, ING sold the U.S.-based operations to another Dutch bank, ABN Amro, for $275 million. ING's European banking division absorbed the rest of ING Barings.
The Barings name lived for a while in only two divisions, both of which were subsidiaries of other companies. Baring Asset Management (BAM) is now part of MassMutual. BAM's Financial Services Group became part of Northern Trust until taken private in 2016.
Hollywood
In 1996, and while in prison, Nick Leeson released his autobiography entitled, "Rogue Trader: How I Brought Down Barings Bank and Shook the Financial World," in which he detailed his acts leading to the collapse of Barings. The book was later made into a fictionalized film starring Ewan McGregor as Leeson.
Related terms:
Arbitrage
Arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same asset in different markets in order to profit from a difference in its price. read more
Bear Straddle
A bear straddle is an options strategy that involves writing a put and a call on the same security with an identical expiration date and strike price. read more
and Example of a Blow Up
Blow up is a slang term used to describe the very public and amusing financial failure of an individual, corporation, bank, or hedge fund. read more
Enron
Enron was a U.S. energy company that perpetrated one of the biggest accounting frauds in history. Read about Enron’s CEO and the company’s demise. read more
Jerome Kerviel
Jerome Kerviel was a trader for Société Générale charged with losing more than $7 billion in company assets through unauthorized trades between 2006 and 2008. read more
Nick Leeson
Nick Leeson was a trader for Barings Bank when he racked up $1 billion in trading losses in 1992, driving the venerable institution into insolvency. read more
Rogue Trader
A rogue trader acts recklessly and independently of others, usually to the detriment of both the clients and the institution employing the trader. read more